AP Psychology Brain Flashcards

David G. Myers Textbook

756101270	Hindbrain	oldest part; cerebellum, medulla, ras, pons, thalamus
756101271	Cerebellum	controls muscle tone and balance
756101272	Medulla	Involuntary actions; (breathing, digestion, heart rate, and swallowing); basic life functions
756101273	Reticular Activating System RAS	controls arousal (wakefulness and alertness)
756101274	Pons	passes neural information from one brain region to another. "bridge"
756101275	Thalamus	relays sensory information; receives and directs sensory info from visual and auditory systems
756101276	Tectum	brains roof; visual/auditory reflexes
756101277	Tegmentum	Brains floor; visual/auditory reflexes
756101278	Limbic System	emotional center of brain
756101279	Forebrain	limbic system; hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus
756101280	Hippocampus	involved in processing and integrating memories. damage prevents formation of new memories (amnesia)
756101281	Amygdala	expression of anger and frustration
756101282	Hypothalamus	controls temp, hunger, sex drives, sympathetic nervous system, and endocrine system
756101283	Cerebral Cortex	wrinkled outer layer of brain; controls higher cognitive functions (thinking, planning, language use, fine motor control)
756101284	Corpus Callosum	band of connective nerve fibers that connect the two hemispheres
756101285	Frontal Lobe	higher level thought and reasoning; memory, paying attention, solving problems, making plans, forming judgements, and performing movements
756101286	Parietal Lobe	somatosensory information; receives info about temp, pressure, texture, and pain
756101287	Temporal Lobe	auditory input
756101288	Occipital Lobe	visual input
756101289	Apraxia	organize movement
756101290	Agnosia	processing sensory input
756101291	Alexia	inability to read
756101292	Myelin Sheath	fatty coating surrounding the axon; insulation and speeds up process
756101293	Neurotransmitters	chemical messengers
756101294	Acetylcholine	memory functions, muscle contraction
756101295	Serotonin	arousal, sleep, pain sensitivity, mood and hunger regulation
756101296	Dopamine	movement, attention, and reward
756101297	Gamma Aminobutyric Acid	inhibitory neurotransmitter (stops cell firing)
756101298	Norepinephrine	alertness; lack can lead to depression
756101299	Endorphins	natural painkiller
756101300	Glutamate	Excitatory Neurotransmitter (causes cell to fire)
756101301	Pituitary Gland	releases hormones; master gland
756101302	Hormones	cell growth and proliferation
756101303	Left Hemisphere	language processing
756101304	Right Hemisphere	visual and spatial information
756101305	Midbrain	visual and auditory reflexes; tectum and tegmentum
756101306	Association Areas	responsible for associating information in the sensory and motor cortices
756101307	Cat Scan	cross sectional images of the brain using a series of xray pictures taken from different angles
756101308	Magnetic Resonance Imaging	uses powerful electromagnets and radio waves to get 3D structural information from brain
756101309	PET Scan	provide images via diffusion of radioactive glucose in a given brain area
756101310	fMRI	rapid sequencing of MRI images
756101311	EEG	measures subtle changes in brain electrical activity through electrodes placed on the head
756101312	Broca's Area	controls muscles of speech
756101313	Wernicke's Area	understanding speech