AP Biology-Chapter 53 and 54 Flashcards

770672837	Biological Community	is an assemblage of populations of various species living close enough for potential interaction
770672929	interspecific interactions	relationships between species
770672940	competition interaction	The interaction can be detrimental to each species
770673041	Predation, Herbivory, Parasitism, Disease Interaction	The interaction is beneficial to one species and detrimental to each other
770673055	Mutualism Interaction	The interaction is beneficial to each species
770673111	Communalism Interaction	One species benefits from the interaction, and the other organism is unaffected by it
770673131	Interspecific competition	species compete for a limited resource
770673149	competitive exclusion principle	two species competing for the same limiting resources cannot coexist
770673200	Ecological niche	the total of a species' use of biotic and abiotic resources
770673264	Resource partitioning	is differentiation of ecological niches, enabling similar species to coexist in a community
770673281	Character displacement	characteristics are more divergent in sympatric populations of two species than in allopatric populations of the same two species
770673312	Predation	An interaction where the predator, kills and eats the prey end A. Feeding adaptions of predators include claws, teeth, fangs, stingers, and poison
770673347	Herbivory	Herbivory refers to an interaction in which an herbivore eats parts of a plant or alga. It has led to evolution of plant mechanical and chemical defenses and adaptations by herbivores
770673362	Parasitism	In parasitism, the parasite derives nourishment from its host, which is harmed in the process
770673385	Disease	Effects of disease on populations and communities are similar to those of parasites. Pathogens, disease-causing agents, are typically bacteria, viruses, or protists
770673409	Mutualism	Mutualistic symbiosis, or mutualism, is an interspecific interaction that benefits both species
770673493	commensalism	In commensalism, one species benefits and the other is apparently unaffected
770673526	Coevolution	is reciprocal evolutionary adaptations of two interacting species
770673562	Species diversity of a community	is the variety of organisms that make up the community
770673582	species richness	the total number of different species in the community
770673639	relative abundance	the proportion each species represents of the total individuals in the community
770673656	Even Species Abundance	is considered more diverse than one in which one or two species are abundant and the remainder are rare
770673699	Evapotranspiration	is evaporation of water from soil plus transpiration of water from plants
770673714	species-area curve	all other factors being equal, a larger geographic area has more species
770673736	Trophic structure	is the feeding relationships between organisms in a community
770673759	A food web	is a branching food chain with complex trophic interactions
770673778	Food Chain Length: The energetic hypothesis	Length is limited by inefficient energy transfer (more on this later)
770673793	Food Chain Length: The dynamic stability hypothesis	Long food chains are less stable than short ones
770673817	Dominant species	are those that are most abundant or have the highest biomass
770673867	Keystone species	are not necessarily abundant in a community. They exert strong control on a community by their ecological roles, or niches
770673886	Ecosystem "Engineers" (Foundation Species)	exert influence by causing physical changes in the environment that affect community structure
770673913	The top-down model	proposes that control comes from the trophic level above
770674009	Bottom up model	control comes from producers
770674043	nonequilibrium model-	communities constantly changing after being buffeted by disturbances
770674059	Intermediate disturbance hypothesis	moderate levels of disturbance can foster higher diversity than low levels of disturbance
770674111	Ecological succession	is the sequence of community and ecosystem changes after a disturbance
770674134	Primary succession	occurs where no soil exists when succession begins
770674154	Secondary succession	begins in an area where soil remains after a disturbance
770674224	An ecosystem	consists of all the organisms living in a community, as well as the abiotic factors with which they interact
770674373	Energy flows	through an ecosystem, entering as light and exiting as heat
770674390	Nutrients cycle	within an ecosystem
770674451	Primary production	the amount of light energy converted to chemical energy by autotrophs during a given time period