AP Government Congress (Chapter 10) Flashcards

733844205	constituent	one of the persons represented by a legislator or other elected or appointed official.
733844206	homestyle	the actions and behaviors of a member of Congress aimed at the constituents and intended to win the support and trust of the voters at home.
733844207	hillside	the actions of a member of Congress in Washington, D.C., intended to promote policies and the member's own career aspirations.
733844208	bicameralism	a legislature made up of two parts, called chambers; the U.S. Congress, composed of the House of Representatives and the Senate, is a bicameral legislature.
733844209	lawmaking	the process of establishing the legal rules that govern society.
733844210	logrolling	an arrangement in which two or more members of Congress agree in advance to support each other's bills.
733844211	trustee	a legislator who acts according to her or his conscience and the broad interests of the entire society.
733844212	instructed delegate	a legislator who is an agent of the voters who elected him or her and who votes according to the views of constituents regardless of personal beliefs.
733844213	casework	personal work for constituents by members of Congress.
733844214	ombudsperson	a person who hears and investigates complaints by private individuals against public officials or agencies.
733844215	oversight	the process by which Congress follows up on laws it has enacted to ensure that they are being enforced and administered in the way Congress intended.
733844216	enumerated powers	powers specifically granted to the national government by the Constitution; the first 17 clauses of Article 1, Section 8, specify most of the (?) powers of the national government.
733844217	midterm elections	some members of the US Senate, all members of the House of Representatives, and many state and local positions are voted on.
733844218	reapportionment	When a state gains or loses population then the state loses or gains Congressmen.
733844219	redistricting	The process of redrawing legislative districts.
733844220	gerrymandering	the legislative process by which the majority party in each state legislature redraws congressional districts to ensure the maximum number of seats for its candidates.
733844221	safe seat	a district that returns the legislator with 55% of the vote or more.
733844222	franking privilege	a policy that enables members of Congress to send material through the mail by substituting their facsimile signature for postage.
733844223	discharge petition	a procedure by which a bill in the House of Representatives may be forced out of a committee that has refused to report it for consideration by the House; petition must be signed by an absolute majority (218) of representatives and is used only on rare occasions.
733844224	earmarks	funding appropriations that are specifically designated for a named project in a member's state or district.
733844225	pork-barrel legislation	A government project or appropriation that yields jobs or other benefits to a specific locale and patronage opportunities to its political representative.
733844226	fiscal year	a 12-month period used for bookkeeping, or accounting purposes; usually, the fiscal year does not coincide with the calendar year; for example, the federal government's fiscal year runs from October 1 through September 30.
733844227	executive budget	the budget prepared and submitted by the president to Congress.
733844228	appropriation	the passage, by Congress, of a spending bill specifying the amount of authorized funds that actually will be allocated for an agency's use.
733844229	filibuster	the use of the Senate's tradition of unlimited debate as a delaying tactic to block a bill.
733844230	majority-minority districts	refers to a United States congressional district composed of racial or ethnic minorities' constituents; ex: Memphis.
733844231	malapportionment	Drawing the boundaries of legislative districts so that they are unequal in population.
733844232	congressional caucus	association of members in congress who seek to advocate a certain party ideology and regional or economic interest
733844233	quorum	The minimum number of members who must be present to permit a legislative body to take official action.
733844234	cloture	a rule used by the senate to end or limit debate (filibuster) with 60 votes
733844235	rider bill	Unpopular provision added to an important bill certain to pass so that it will "ride" through the legislative process.
733844236	Christmas bill	a bill with many riders.
733844237	War Powers Resolution	A law passed in 1973 spelling out the conditions under which the president can commit troops without Congressional approval.
733848572	John Boehner	Speaker of the House
733848573	Eric Cantor	Majority leader of the House
733848574	Nancy Pelosi	Minority leader of the House
733848575	Joe Biden	President of the Senate
733848576	Patrick Leahy	President Pro Tempore
733848577	Harry Reid	Senate Majority leader
733848578	Mitch McConnell	Senate Minority leader