APUSH Chapter 24 Flashcards

783178268	Railroads	after the civil war the railroads grew enormously. Congress gave land to the railroad companies. towns sprung up along the railroads. stitched the nation together, huge market and lot of jobs, helped the rapid industrialization of America, stimulated mining and agriculture in the west. helped people settle in the great plains.
783178269	Pacific Railroad Act	Law passed by Congress in 1862 that gave loans and land to the Central Pacific and Union Pacific Railroad companies to subsidize construction of a rail line between Omaha and the Pacific Coast. Grover Cleveland stopped this in 1887.
783178270	Central Pacific Railroad	A railroad that started in Sacramento , and connected with the Union Pacific Railroad in Promentary Point, UTAH. used chinese workers.
783178271	Transcontinental rail line	finished in 1869 at Promntory Point in Utah. other built - Norther Pacific railroad 1883, Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe - 1884, Southern Pacific - 1884, Great Nothern
783178272	Cornelius Vanderbilt	headed New York Central. , a railroad owner who built a railway connecting Chicago and New York. He popularized the use of steel rails in his railroad, which made railroads safer and more economical.
783178273	Pullman Palace Cars	introduced in the 1860s these were billed as "gorgeous traveling hotels" by some. Others called them "wheeled torture chambers" and potential funeral pyres
783178274	time zones	due to railroads 4 national zones were created on November 18, 1883.
783178275	Stock watering	originally referring to cattle, term for the practice of railroad promoters exaggerationg the profitability of stocks in excess of its actual value
783178276	pools	a group of supposed competitors who agree to work together to set prices. (railroads)
783178277	The grange	formed by farmer to combat corruption in the railroad business. states tried to stop the railroad corruption but where stoped by the Supreme Court.
783178278	Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway Company v. Illinois	The Court invalidated an Illinois law which had forbade railroads to charge more for a short haul than a long haul. Railroads were guilty of many practices which hurt the consumer, and this was one of them. Railroads did not want to make a lot of stops to bring farmers' good from one point to another. Supreme courted ruled that states could not regulate interstate commerce
783178279	Interstate Commerce Act	(1887) banned rebates and pools. required the railroads to publish their rates openly. forbade unfiar discrimination against shippers and banned charging more for a short haul. set up the Interstate Commerce Commission
783178280	Manufacturing	what made the US the number one manufacturer: abundant liquid capital, fully exploited natural resources, immigration made for cheap labor, mass production, inventions. standard of living rose, immigration rose, women worked in factories.
783178281	Alexander Graham Bell	1876 - invented the telephone.
783178282	Thomas Edison	invented the electric light bulb, among others.
783178283	Vertical integration	invented by Andrew Carnegie - bought out and controlled all aspects of an industry
783178284	John D. Rockefeller	invented horizontal integration. allied with or bought out competitors to monopolize a given market. used this method to form Standard Oil
783178285	Trusts	giant, monopolistic corporations.
783178286	Interlocking Directorates	practiced by J.P. Morgan. placed his own men on the boards of directors of other rival competitors to gain influence and reduce competition.
783178287	Bessemer process	invention that made steel cheaply. originally though up by William Kelly. cold air blown on red hot burned carbon deposits and purified it.
783178288	Andrew Carnegie	invented vertical integration, huge steel producer
783178289	J. Pierpoint Morgan	made is money in the Banking industry and wall street. Carnegie forced Morgan to buy his business. then he created the United States Steel Corporation 1901 - first billion dollar company
783178290	Gospel of Wealth	This was a book written by Carnegie that described the responsibility of the rich to be philanthropists. This softened the harshness of Social Darwinism as well as promoted the idea of philanthropy.
783178291	Social Darwinism	The application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion.
783178292	Reverend Russellconwell	poor people made themselves poor and rich people made themselves rich. the 14th amendment was used to defend trusts because they where legally people.
783178293	Sherman Anti-Trust Act	1890 - forbae combination of trusts, pools, interlocking directorates, holding companies in restraint of trade. no distinction between good and bad trusts. couldn't be enforced. used against unions
783178294	Henry W. Grady	editor of the Atlanta Constitution newspaper urged the South to industrialize.
783178295	Rise of Unions	inflow of immigrants providing a labor force that would work for low wages made it hard for workers to improve the work space because they were easily replaced. corporations would hire strike breakers and bring in troops if necessary. middle class grew deaf to strikes because they were so numerous.
783178296	National Labor Union	1886 - only 6 years, excluded chinese didn't get women and blacks to join. wanted 8 hour workday. depression of 1873 killed it
783178297	Knights of Labor	1869 - 1881. barred liquor dealers, gambler, lawyers, bankers, and stockbrokers. wanted economic and social reform. led by Terence V. Powderly.
783178298	Haymarket Square Riot	In 1866, police in Chicago tried to stop farm machine workers from meeting. A bomb exploded, wounding and killing many. Eight people were tried and convicted. Four were executed. organized by the Knights of Labor - this killed them.
783178299	American Federation of Labor	1886 - Samuel Gompers. assoication of self governing national unions. better wages, hours, and working conditions. skilled laborers. Labor day - 1894 legal holiday