Chapter 15: The Ferment of Reform and Culture Flashcards

American Pageant 13th edition

766042672	Alexis de Tocqueville	During a visit, he noted the church-going nature of America.
766042673	Deism	This sprang out of the Enlightenment and was based on scientific or logical reasoning rather than faith. This believed in a supreme being who'd made the universe.
766042674	Unitarian	These people believed God existed in one person, but not in the Holy Trinity. They rejected the divinity of Christ, believed people were essentially good at heart and that people were saved through good works.
766042675	2nd Great Awakening	This was a Christian revival movement that began around the 1800s. It reached full speed in the 1830s. It spawned a series of other movements such as prison reform, temperance, and abolition of slavery.
766042676	(Peter) Cartwright	A Methodist circuit rider. He was a leading preacher of the 2nd Great Awakening.
766042677	(Charles Grandison) Finney	He was the most gifted speaker/preacher during the 2nd Great Awakening. He could move the masses.
766042678	Burn-Over District	These parts of western NY were known as this due to the hellfire of its revival preaching.
766042679	Millerites	AKA Adventists. They predicted Christ's return on Oct 22, 1844. When the prophecy failed to materialize, the movement lost credibility.
766042680	(Joseph) Smith	He claimed to have found golden tablets in NY with the "Book of Mormon" inscribed on them. He later came up with the "Mormon" faith.
766042681	(Brigham) Young	Because Mormons were run out of their towns due to troubles with their neighbors due to polygamy, drilling a militia, and voting as a block, he took over and led them along the "Mormon Trail" to Utah.
766042682	free public education	This was not popular in the early 1800s and opponents questioned why their tax money should go to teach another person's child.
766042683	(Horace) Mann	He became known as the "Father of Public Education." He pushed for free public education and education that strayed from just "dead languages" to more "hands-on" education.
766042684	(Noah) Webster	He wrote his "Blueback Speller" and dictionary. His lessons were mixed with grammar and moral lessons.
766042685	(William H.) McGuffey	He wrote "____'s Reader" that nearly every schoolchild read from. It contained English lessons as well as patriotic and moral lessons.
766042686	University of North Carolina	This was the first state-supported university.
766042687	UVA	This was a public university to be independent of religion or politics.
766042688	Troy Female Seminary	This was a college for women established by Emma Willard in 1821.
766042689	Mount Holyoke Seminary	This was a college for women established by Mary Lyon in 1837.
766042690	(Dorothea) Dx	She sought and got improved treatment for the mentally insane. Prior to her work, mental insanity was viewed as a choice and was dealt with harshly.
766042691	American Peace Society	This was led by William Ladd. His message was lost when the Civil War erupted, but he would soon show up again when the League of Nations and UN would come.
766042692	American Temperance Society	This was founded in Boston in 1826. Local chapters began to emerge.
766042693	temperance	This war had the goals of removing the desire to drink and punishing those who did drink.
766042694	rape	This in America was punishable by death, whereas in France it was usually overlooked.
766042695	(Catherine) Beecher	She urged women to take teaching jobs until they married.
766042696	(Lucretia) Mott, (Susan B.) Anthony, and (Elizabeth Cady) Stanton	They all pushed for women's suffrage.
766042697	(Dr. Elizabeth) Blackwell	She became the first female doctor.
766042698	(Amelia) Bloomer	She wrote short skirts, bloomers.
766042699	(Margaret) Fuller	She edited a transcendentalist journal.
766042700	Grimke sisters	They pushed for the abolition of slavery.
766042701	Seneca Falls Women's Rights Convention	This was the greatest first-step in women's rights in NY. It wrote a "Declaration of Sentiments" and demanded female suffrage.
766042702	Declaration of Sentiments	This was written at the Seneca Falls Women's Rights Convention and it argued that "all men AND WOMEN were created equal."
766042703	New Harmony, Indiana	This was an attempt at a utopia. Robert Owen started this. It attracted intellectual types but failed due to infighting and confusion.
766042704	Brook Farm	This was an attempt at a utopia. It was started in MA and attracted Transcendentalist intellectuals. When a major building burnt down, the whole thing was lost to debt.
766042705	Oneida Community	This was an attempt at a utopia. It started in NY. It was communal and embraced free love, birth control, and selecting parents to have planned children. It started as a communistic-style project, it was capitalism that saved it. They sold baskets for a project and flatware, then cutlery.
766042706	Shakers	This was an attempt at a utopia. This was begun by Mother Ann Lee as a religious sect. It stressed simplicity and separated sexes. This led to them dying off by 1940.
766042707	(Nathaniel) Bowditch	He wrote on navigation.
766042708	(Matthew) Maury	He studied the ocean winds and currents.
766042709	(Benjamin) Silliman	He was a Harvard biologist who stressed original research over rote memorization.
766042710	(Asa) Gray	He was a Harvard botanist and was a pioneer of botany.
766042711	(John) Audubon	He was an early naturalist who painted birds with precise details.
766042712	(Dr. Oliver Wendall) Holmes	He said that if the medicines were thrown into the sea, the people would be better off and the fish worse.
766042713	(Gilbert) Stuart	He painted many portraits of George Washington
766042714	(John) Trumbull	He painted scenes of the Revolutionary War
766042715	(Stephen) Foster	His songs were the most famous of the popular nostalgic, rhythmic, yet stereotypical of Af-Ams.
766042716	Transcendentalism	This was a New England intellectual movement that began to challenge ways of thinking. They said that knowledge rises above just the senses.
766042717	(Ralph Waldo) Emerson	He was the most famous Transcendentalist. He was a former Unitarian pastor turned writer and lyceum speaker. His most famous writing was "Self Reliance."
766042718	(Henry David) Thoreau	He spent two years living in the woods. He also wrote "On the Duty of Civil Disobedience" which emphasized peacefully not following unjust laws.