Amsco AP US History Chapter 1 Flashcards

612423000	native americans; land bridge	the first people to settle north america arrived as much as 40,000 years ago and came from asia; they adapted to the varied environments of the regions that they found
612423001	renaissance	a rebirth of classical learning and an outburst of artistic and scientific activity in europe
612423002	compass; printing press; gunpowder	one aspect of the renaissance was a gradual increase in scientific knowledge and technological change; europeans made improvements in the inventions of others (chinese and arab merchants)
612423003	spain; moors	in the middle ages, spain had been partly conquered by muslim invaders and only one moorish stronghold remained; isabella and ferdinand succeeded in defeating the moors of granada
612423004	ferdinand and isabella	their uniting of spain was a sign of new leadership, hope, and power for european believers in the roman catholic faith
612423005	protestant reformation	in the early 1500s, certain christians in germany, england, france, holland, and other northern european countries revolted against the authority of the pope in rome
612423006	nation-state	a country in which the majority of people share both a common culture and common political loyalties toward a central government
612423007	christopher columbus	spent 8 years seeking financial support for his plan to sail west from europe to the "indies"; his success in discovering lands on the other side of the ocean brought him a burst of glory in spain but 3 voyages across the atlantic was disappointing;
612423008	amerigo vespucci	an italian sailor; the new world was named afer him
612423009	papal line of demarcation (1493)	the pope drew a vertical, north-south line on a world map, giving spain all lands to the wet of the line and portugal all lands to the east
612423010	treaty of tordesillas (1494)	moved the line papal line a few degrees to the west; signed by spain and portugal
612423011	vasco nunez de balboa	made the journey across the isthmus of panama to the pacific ocean
612423012	ferdinand megallan	completed a circumnavigation of the world
612423013	hernan cortes	defeated the aztecs in mexico
612423014	francisco pizzaro	defeated the incas in peru
612423015	conquistadores	sent ships loaded with gold and silver back to spain from the new world; increased the gold supply by over 500 percent making spain the richest and most powerful nation in europe
612423016	encomienda system	gave grants of land and indians (native americans) to individual spaniards
612423017	asiento system	when europeans' brutality and diseases reduced the native american population, the spanish brought slaves from west africa
612423018	john cabot	an italian sea captain who was under contract to england's king henry vii; explored the coast of newfoundland in 1497
612423019	giovanni da verrazano	sponsored by the french monarchy; hoped to find a northwest passage leading through the americas to asia; explored part of north america's eastern coast including new york harbor
612423020	jacques cartier	explored the st. lawrence river
612423021	samuel de champlain	established the first permanent french settlement at quebec, a fortified village on the st. lawrence river
612423022	father jacques marquette	explored the upper mississippi river
612423023	robert de la salle	explored the mississippi basin, which he named louisiana (after the french king, louis xiv)
612423024	henry hudson	hired by the dutch government to seek a northwest passage; sailed up a broad river and established dutch claims to the surrounding area that would become new amsterdam (and later new york)
612423025	joint-stock company	given the privilege of taking control of the region for economic gain (dutch west india company)
612423026	virginia company; jamestown	chartered by england's king james i and established the first permanent english colony in america in 1607
612423027	captain john smith	with his forceful leadership and the establishment of a tobacco industry by john rolfe, the jamestown colony survived
612423028	john rolfe; pocohontas	developed a new variety of tobacco, which became very popular in europe and brought financial prosperity to the colony
612423029	royal colony	a colony under the control of a king of queen
612423030	puritans	religious reformers who wanted to "purify" the church of catholic influences; james viewed them as a threat to both his religious and political authority and ordered some of them arrested and jailed
612423031	plymouth colony	several hundred separatists left england in search of religious freedom; after economic hardship and cultural differences in holland a small group of pilgrims set sail for virginia but landed off the massachusetts coast
612423032	separatists	one group of puritans who rejected the idea of simply reforming the church of england
612423033	mayflower; mayflower compact	aboard the ship in 1620, the pilgrims drew up and signed a document that pledged them to make decisions by the will of the majority; represented both an early from of colonial self-government and an early (though rudimentary) from of written constitution, establishing the powers and duties of the government
612423034	massachusetts bay colony	john wintrhop led about a thousand puritans (who were persecuted by the new king of england, charles i) and sailed for the new world; founded boston and several other towns
612423035	john winthrop	led about a thousand puritans and founded the massachusetts bay colony
612423036	great migration	a civil war in england in the 1630s drove some 15,000 more settlers to the massachusetts bay colony
612423037	virginia house of burgesses	the first representative assembly in america; organized by virginia's colonists