AP US History final exam Flashcards
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| 797087139 | Miranda vs Arizona | the supreme court case in which the court held that criminal suspects must be informed of their right to consult with an attorney and of their right against self-incrimination prior to questioning by police. | |
| 797087140 | Jimmy Carter | i'll never lie to american people | |
| 797087141 | Bay of Pigs | 1961- Kennedy's first crisis | |
| 797087142 | Malcolm X | rejected his slave name | |
| 797087143 | Gerald Ford | The president no one voted for for president | |
| 797087144 | Reaganomics | Trickle down economics- tax cuts on rich | |
| 797087145 | Voting Rights Act of 1965 | a law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African American suffrage. Under the law, hundreds of thousands of African Americans were registered and the number of African American elected officials increased dramatically. | |
| 797087146 | War Powers Act | limits use of troops overseas without congressional approval. | |
| 797087147 | Southern Christian Leadership Conference | An organization founded by MLK Jr., to direct the crusade against segregation. Its weapon was passive resistance that stressed nonviolence and love, and its tactic direct, though peaceful, confrontation. | |
| 797087148 | Tet Offensive | 1968; National Liberation Front and North Vietnamese forces launched a huge attack on the Vietnamese New Year (Tet), which was defeated after a month of fighting and many thousands of casualties; major defeat for communism, but Americans reacted sharply, with declining approval of LBJ and more anti-war sentiment. | |
| 797087149 | Cuban Missile Crisis | 1962 OCt. the closest we have come to being nuked | |
| 797087150 | George Wallace | segregationist in 68 election | |
| 797087151 | Roe vs. Wade | the U.S. supreme Court ruled that there is a fundamental right ro privacy, which includes a woman's decision to have an abortion. Up until the third trimester the state allows abortion. | |
| 797087152 | hippies | countercultural kids of 1960s | |
| 797087153 | Equal Rights Amendment | It got 35 of 38 needed states for ratification | |
| 797087154 | SNCC | (Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee)-a group established in 1960 to promote and use non-violent means to protest racial discrimination; they were the ones primarily responsible for creating the sit-in movement. | |
| 797087155 | John F. Kennedy | President during part of the cold war and especially during the superpower rivalry and the cuban missile crisis. He was the president who went on tv and told the public about the crisis and allowed the leader of the soviet uinon to withdraw their missiles. Other events, which were during his terms was the building of the berlin wall, the space race, and early events of the Vietnamese war. | |
| 797087156 | Gulf of Tonkin Resolution | Gave Johnson a blank check in Vietnam | |
| 797087157 | Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989,"Great Communicator" Republican, conservative economic policies, replaced liberal Democrats in upper house with consevative Democrats or "boll weevils" , at reelection time, jesse jackson first black presdiential candidate, Geraldine Ferraro as VP running mate (first woman) | |
| 797087158 | Martin Luther King Jr. | Was assassinated in 1968 in Tennessee | |
| 797087159 | Gideon vs. Wainwright | the 1963 decision holding that anyone accused of a felony where imprisonment may be imposed, however poor he/she might be, has a right to a lawyer. | |
| 797087160 | Great Society | President Johnson called his version of the Democratic reform program the Great Society. In 1965, Congress passed many Great Society measures, including Medicare, civil rights legislation, and federal aid to education. | |
| 797087161 | Lee Harvey Oswald | On November 22, 1963, he assassinated President Kennedy who was riding downtown Dallas, Texas. Oswald was later shot in front of television cameras by Jack Ruby. | |
| 797087162 | Camp David Accords | peace between israel and egypt | |
| 797087163 | affirmative action | programs intended to make up for past discrimination by helping minority groups and women gain access to jobs and opportunities. | |
| 797087164 | Civil Rights Act 1964 | This act made racial, religious, and sex discrimination by employers illegal and gave the government the power to enforce all laws governing civil rights, including desegregation of schools and public places. | |
| 797087165 | Lyndon Johnson | 36th president; signed the civil rights act of 1964 into law and the voting rights act of 1965. he had a war on poverty in his agenda. in an attempt to win, he set a few goals, including the great society, the economic opportunity act, and other programs that provided food stamps and welfare to needy famillies. he also created a department of housing and urban development. his most important legislation was probably medicare and medicaid. | |
| 797087166 | Kent State | where 13 students were shot, 4 killed in 1970 | |
| 797087167 | Black Panthers | believers in right to bear arms in civil rights struggle. | |
| 797087168 | Bakke v board of regents | US court case in which Bakke was denied to University of California Medical School twice to people less qualified based on race. Case determined that affirmative action is legal as long as filling quotas is not used. | |
| 797087169 | Japanese interment | refers to the forcible relocation and internment of approximately 110,000 Japanese nationals and Japanese Americans to housing facilities called "War Relocation Camps", in the wake of Imperial Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor. Upheld by Korematsu v. US. | |
| 797087170 | Greensboro sit-ins | Black students politely order food from restaurant, not served, sat in place for days, gathering supporters. Successful. Started in the 1960's at a Woolworth's lunch counter. | |
| 797087171 | Julius and Ethel Rosenberg | Arrested in the Summer of 1950 and executed in 1953, they were convicted of conspiring to commit espionage by passing plans for the atomic bomb to the Soviet Union. Were executed for selling A-bomb secrets. | |
| 797087172 | U-2 incident | The incident when an American U-2 spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union. The U.S. denied the true purpose of the plane at first, but was forced to when the U.S.S.R. produced the living pilot and the largely intact plane to validate their claim of being spied on aerially. The incident worsened East-West relations during the Cold War and was a great embarrassment for the United States. A US spy plane was shot down in 1960. | |
| 797087173 | Alger Hiss | A former State Department official who was accused of being a Communist spy and was convicted of perjury. The case was prosecuted by Richard Nixon. Was accused by Chambers of being a state dept. communist agent. | |
| 797087174 | Henry Wallace | A former Democratic who ran on the New Progressive Party due to his disagreement on Truman's policy with the Soviets. He caused the Democratic party to split even more during the election season. | |
| 797087175 | baby boomers | The 78 million people born during the baby boom, following World War II and lasting until the early 1960s. | |
| 797087176 | Little Rock school crisis | (1957) when segregation became illegal, AK's Govrnr Faubus sent the Arkansas Nat'l Guard to prevent 9 African-Ame. students from entering Little Rock Central High School. in response, Eisenhower sent in U.S. paratroopers to ensure the students could attend class. | |
| 797087177 | GI Bill of Rights | Law Passed in 1944 to help returning veterans buy homes and pay for higher education. Gave veterans education rights after WWII. | |
| 797087178 | Jackie Robinson | The first African American player in the major league of baseball. His actions helped to bring about other opportunities for African Americans. Was the 1st Black pro baseball player 1947. | |
| 797087179 | National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) | Established in 1958 as the government agency responsible for the United States of America's space program and long-term general aerospace research. a civilian organization, it conducts or oversees research into both civilian and military aerospace systems. | |
| 797087180 | Montgomery bus boycott | In 1955, after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a city bus, Dr. Martin L. King led a boycott of city busses. After 11 months the Supreme Court ruled that segregation of public transportation was illegal. Was led by ML King jr. to not ride the bus. | |
| 797087181 | McCarthyism | The term associated with Senator Joseph McCarthy who led the search for communists in America during the early 1950s through his leadership in the House Un-American Activities Committee. A shameful time in the 50's of falsely accusing people of communist ties. | |
| 797087182 | Harry Truman | President of the US after Roosevelt's death; approved the use of the atomic bomb against Japan. | |
| 797087183 | Truman Doctrine | President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology. Says the US will fight any NEW communist nations. | |
| 797087184 | Douglas MacArthur | United States general who served as chief of staff and commanded Allied forces in the South Pacific during World War II. Was fired for wanting to nuke China 1951. | |
| 797087185 | Sputnik | First artificial Earth satellite, it was launched by Moscow in 1957 and sparked U.S. fears of Soviet dominance in technology and outer space. It led to the creation of NASA and the space race. The 1st manmade satellite 1957. | |
| 797087186 | beat generation | The generation of writers who rebelled against American Culture for its conformity, blind faith in technology, and materialism. 50's protestors of conformity- poets. | |
| 797087187 | Eisenhower Doctrine | Eisenhower proposed and obtained a joint resolution from Congress authorizing the use of U.S. military forces to intervene in any country that appeared likely to fall to communism. Used in the Middle East. Said we would aid any Mid-East Nation threatened by communism. | |
| 797087188 | New Frontier | The campaign program advocated by JFK in the 1960 election. He promised to revitalize the stagnant economy and enact reform legislation in education, health care, and civil rights. Kennedy's name for his policies. | |
| 797087189 | Dixiecrats | southern Democrats who opposed Truman's position on civil rights. They caused a split in the Democratic party. 1948 southern democrats against civl rts. | |
| 797087190 | Brown vs Board of Education | 1954- court decision that declared state laws segregating schools to be unconstitutional. Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) | |
| 797087191 | Fair Deal | Truman's extension of the New Deal that increased min wage, expanded Social Security, and constructed low-income housing. Truman's name for his policies. | |
| 797087192 | containment | American policy of resisting further expansion of communism around the world. George Kennan's policyof stopping Soviet expansion. | |
| 797087193 | United Nations | International organization founded in 1945 to promote world peace and cooperation. It replaced the League of Nations. Can send in troops if requested for peacekeeping issues. | |
| 797087194 | George Kennan | He was an American diplomat and ambassador best known as "the father of containment" and as a key figure in the emergence of the Cold War. | |
| 797087195 | Korean War | The conflict between Communist North Korea and Non-Communist South Korea. The United Nations (led by the United States) helped South Korea. | |
| 797087196 | NATO | North Atlantic Treaty Organization; an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country; US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries. Was created to mutually defend W. Europe. | |
| 797087197 | dynamic conservatism | Eisenhower's philosophy of being liberal in all things human and being conservative with all things fiscal. Appealed to both Republicans and Democrats. | |
| 797087198 | Berlin Airlift | Joint effort by the US and Britian to fly food and supplies into W Berlin after the Soviet blocked off all ground routes into the city | |
| 797087199 | Harlem Renaissance | a flowering of African American culture in the 1920s; instilled interest in African American culture and pride in being an African American. | |
| 797087200 | 18th, 19th, 20th, 21st amendments | 18th- prohibition; 19th- women can vote; 20th- move presidential election from March 4th to January 20th( lame duck); 21st- you can drink again. | |
| 797087201 | Hoovervilles | camps built outside of major cities by people who had lost their homes during the great depression called Hoovervilles because the people blamed Pres. Hoover for their situation. | |
| 797087202 | "Back to Africa movement" | Encouraged those of African decent to return to Africa to their ancestors so that they could have their own empire because they were treated poorly in America. | |
| 797087203 | Palmer Raids | A 1920 operation coordinated by Attorney General Mitchel Palmer in which federal marshals raided the homes of suspected radicals and the headquarters of radical organization in 32 cities | |
| 797087204 | Warren G. Harding | President after World War I who promised to return the US to normalism. | |
| 797087205 | Lend-Lease Act | allowed sales or loans of war materials to any country whose defense the president deems vital to the defense of the U.S. | |
| 797087206 | court packing scheme | FDR's plan to "pack" the Supreme Court with supporters to keep his New Deal programs from being declared unconstitutional. | |
| 797087207 | flappers | Young women who rebelled against traditional ways of thinking and acting; young women of the 1920s that behaved and dressed in a radical fashion. | |
| 797087208 | NAACP | National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination, to oppose racism and to gain civil rights for African Americans, got Supreme Court to declare grandfather clause unconstitutional | |
| 797087209 | Schenck vs. US | A 1919 decision upholidng the conviction of a socialist who had urged young men to resist the draft during WW1. Justice holmes declared that gov't can limit speech if the speech provokes a "clear and present danger" of substantive evils. | |
| 797087210 | Sacco and Vanzetti | were two Italian born American laborers and anarchists who were tried convicted and executed via electrocution on Aug 3 1927 in Ma for the 1920 armed robbery. it is believed they had nothing to do with the crime. | |
| 797087211 | TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority) | Built dams to control flooding,generate hydroelectrical power, and boost agricultural production, in theTennessee Valley region. Provided jobs, homes, and reforestation. it still exists | |
| 797087212 | Henry Ford | United States manufacturer of automobiles who pioneered mass production (1863-1947) | |
| 797087213 | Hundred Days | the special session of Congress that Roosevelt called to launch his New Deal programs. The special session lasted about three months: 100 days. | |
| 797087214 | New Deal | The historic period (1933-1940) in the U.S. during which President Franklin Roosevelt's economic policies were implemented. | |
| 797087215 | Calvin Coolidge | Became president when Harding died of pneumonia. He was known for practicing a rigid economy in money and words, and acquired the name "Silent Cal" for being so soft-spoken. He was a true republican and industrialist. Believed in the government supporting big business. | |
| 797087216 | Social Security Act | Guaranteed retirement payments for enrolled workers beginning at age 65; set up federal-state system of unemployment insurance and care for dependent mothers and children, the handicapped, and public health. | |
| 797087217 | cash and carry | policy adopted by the United States in 1939 to preserve neutrality while aiding the Allies. Britain and France could buy goods from the United States if they paid in full and transported them. | |
| 797087218 | Ku Klux Klan | A secret society created by white southerners in 1866 that used terror and violence to keep African Americans from obtaining their Civil Rights; resurged again in the 1920's. | |
| 797087219 | Scottsboro boys | Nine young black men between the ages of 13 to 19 were accused of raping two white women by the names of Victoria Price and Ruby Bates. All of the young men were charged and convicted of rape by white juries, despite the weak and contradictory testimonies of the witnesses | |
| 797087220 | Scopes trial | 1925 court case argued by Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan in which the issue of teaching evolution in public schools was debated | |
| 797087221 | Herbert Hoover | President of the U.S from 1923-1933 leader of the US in the beginning of the Great Depression. He didn't want the gov involved in the peoples lives and thought that the people should express their individual rights. | |
| 797087222 | Marcus Garvey | Founder of United Negro Improvement Association; promoted resettlement of American blacks to own "African homeland", sponsored stores & businesses to keep money in blacks' pockets; inspiration for Nation of Islam. | |
| 797087223 | brain trust | Group of expert policy advisers who worked with FDR in the 1930s to end the great depression | |
| 797087224 | Franklin Roosevelt | The 32nd president of the United States. He was president from 1933 until his death in 1945 during both the Great Depression and World War II. He is the only president to have been elected 4 times, a feat no longer permissible due to the 22nd Amendment to the Constitution. | |
| 797087225 | bank holiday | Closing of banks for four days during the Great Depression. | |
| 797087226 | Margaret Sanger | American leader of the movement to legalize birth control during the early 1900's. As a nurse in the poor sections of New York City, she had seen the suffering caused by unwanted pregnancy. Founded the first birth control clinic in the U.S. and the American Birth Control League, which later became Planned Parenthood. | |
| 797087227 | Prohibition | The period from 1920 to 1933 when the sale of alcoholic beverages was prohibited in the United States by a constitutional amendment. | |
| 797087228 | FDIC | Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation: A federal guarantee of savings bank deposits initially of up to $2500, raised to $5000 in 1934, and frequently thereafter; continues today with a limit of $100,000 | |
| 797087229 | Treaty of Versailles | Created by the leaders victorious allies Nations: France, Britain, US, and signed by Germany to help stop WWI. The treaty 1)stripped Germany of all Army, Navy, Airforce. 2) Germany had to repair war damages(33 billion) 3) Germany had to acknowledge guilt for causing WWI 4) Germany could not manefacture any weapons. | |
| 797087230 | League of Nations | an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations; although suggested by Woodrow Wilson, the United States never joined and it remained powerless; it was dissolved in 1946 after the United Nations was formed | |
| 797087231 | muckrakers | This term applies to newspaper reporters and other writers who pointed out the social problems of the era of big business. The term was first given to them by Theodore Roosevelt. | |
| 797087232 | Open Door Policy | A policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China. | |
| 797087233 | Fourteen Points | the war aims outlined by President Wilson in 1918, which he believed would promote lasting peace; called for self-determination, freedom of the seas, free trade, end to secret agreements, reduction of arms and a league of nations | |
| 797087234 | 16th, 17th amendments | 1913 - 16th Amendment authorized Congress to levy an income tax. 1913 - 17th Amendment gave the power to elect senators to the people. Senators had previously been appointed by the legislatures of their states. | |
| 797087235 | Upton Sinclair (The Jungle) | The author who wrote a book about the horrors of food productions in 1906, the bad quality of meat and the dangerous working conditions. | |
| 797087236 | Sussex/Arabic Pledges | pledges by the Germans before US entrance into WWI to stop using submarine warfare against US ships and to pledge not to destroy any more American citizens, in time they violated these pledges 7: 1934-1941 | |
| 797087237 | Zimmerman Note (Telegram) | 1917 From the German foreign secretary to the German minister in Mexico. Offer to recover Texas and Arizona for Mexico if it would fight the US. Got US into war. | |
| 797087238 | Bull Moose Party | nickname for the new Progressive Party, which was formed to support Roosevelt in the election of 1912 | |
| 797087239 | Panama Canal | The United States built the Panama Canal to have a quicker passage to the Pacific from the Atlantic and vice versa. It cost $400,000,000 to build. Columbians would not let Americans build the canal, but then with the assistance of the United States a Panamanian Revolution occurred. The new ruling people allowed the United States to build the canal. | |
| 797087240 | Federal Reserve System | The system created by Congress in 1913 to establish banking practices and regulate currency in circulation and the amount of credit available. It consists of 12 regional banks supervised by the Board of Governors. Often called simply the Fed. | |
| 797087241 | Dollar Diplomacy | Term used to describe the efforts of the US to further its foreign policy through use of economic power by gaurenteeing loans to foreign countries | |
| 797087242 | W.E.B. DuBois (Niagara movement) | DuBois attacked segregation and advocated full university education for blacks, him and his supporters led the Niagara movement and founded the NAACP to fight for black civil rights | |
| 797087243 | Theodore Roosevelt | 26th President of the United States, known for: conservationism, trust-busting, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, "Square Deal," Panama Canal, Great White Fleet, Nobel Peace Prize for negotiation of peace in Russo-Japanese War | |
| 797087244 | Gentlemen's Agreement | Agreement when Japan agreed to curb the number of workers coming to the US and in exchange Roosevelt agreed to allow the wives of the Japenese men already living in the US to join them | |
| 797087245 | "Birth of a Nation"/D.W. Griffith | ... | |
| 797087246 | Emilio Aguinaldo | Leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain (1895-1898). He proclaimed the independence of the Philippines in 1899, but his movement was crushed and he was captured by the United States Army in 1901 | |
| 797087247 | Woodrow Wilson | 28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize | |
| 797087248 | Progressive movement | (1901 -1917Formed by Midwestern Farmers, Socialists, and Labor Organizers -attacked monopolies, and wanted other reforms, such as bimetallism, transportation regulation, the 8-hour work day, and income tax | |
| 797087249 | Big Stick Policy | Roosevelt's philosophy - In international affairs, ask first but bring along a big army to help convince them. Threaten to use force, act as international policemen | |
| 797087250 | Roosevelt Corollary | Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force | |
| 797087251 | New Nationalism | Theodore Roosevelt's program in his campaign for the presidency in 1912, the New Nationalism called for a national approach to the country's affairs and a strong president to deal with them. It also called for efficiency in government and society; it urged protection of children, women, and workers; accepted "good" trusts; and exalted the expert and the executive. Additionally, it encouraged large concentrations of capital and labor. | |
| 797087252 | Pure Food and Drug Act | Forbade the manufacture or sale of mislabeled or adulterated food or drugs, it gave the government broad powers to ensure the safety and efficacy of drugs in order to abolish the "patent" drug trade. Still in existence as the FDA. | |
| 797087253 | New Freedom | Woodrow Wilson's domestic policy that, promoted antitrust modification, tariff revision, and reform in banking and currency matters. | |
| 797087254 | Great White Fleet | 1907-1909 - Roosevelt sent the Navy on a world tour to show the world the U.S. naval power. Also to pressure Japan into the "Gentlemen's Agreement." | |
| 797087255 | Jacob Riis | Early 1900's muckraker who exposed social and political evils in the U.S. with his novel "How The Other Half Lives"; exposed the poor conditions of the poor tenements in NYC and Hell's Kitchen | |
| 797087256 | robert lafollette | Republican Senator from Wisconsin - ran for president under the Progressive Party - proponent of Progressivism and a vocal opponent of railroad trusts, bossism, World War I, and the League of Nations | |
| 797087257 | luisitania | British passanger ship that was torpedoed by a German U-boat in 1915; 1200 people died and 128 Americans died. | |
| 797087258 | john pershing | Commander of American Expeditionary Force of over 1 million troops who insisted his soldiers fight as independent units so US would have independent role in shaping the peace |