Waves and Sound Flashcards

all of the important physics definitions dealing with waves and sound

796107381	wave	a disturbance that propagates through a medium or space are not matter, however the wave can travel in matter
796107382	disturbance	changes in position with respect to time
796107383	medium	waves can move over large distances, but the medium (rope or water) itself has only a limited movement.
796107384	pulse wave	a wave that consists of a few disturbances. ex) shock wave
796107385	periodic wave (continuous wave)	the motions are repeated at regular intervals
796107386	simple harmonic motion	motion in which the acceleration is proportional to the displacement from an equilibrium position and is directed toward that position.
796107387	wavelength	the distance between any two successive identical points on a wave
796107388	frequency	the number of complete cycles per unit of time
796107389	period	the time for one complete cycle
796107390	amplitude	the meximum displacement of a wave as measure from its equilibrium or undisturbed position
796107391	transverse wave	a wave in which the vibreations are at right angles to the direction of propagation of the wave
796107392	longitudinal wave	a wave in which the vibrations are parallel to the direction of propagation of the wave
796107393	rectlinear propagation	the propagation of the advancing straight wave is perpendicular to the wave front
796107394	circular propagation	the propagation of the advancing circular wave lie along radial lines away from the center of disturbance
796107395	incidence	an approaching wave
796107396	reflection	the return of a wave from the boundary of a medium
796107397	angle of incidence	the angle between the incident ray and the normal drawn to the point of incidence
796107398	angle of reflection	the angle netween the reflected ray and the normal drawn to the point of the incidence
796107399	ray	a line frawn in the direction perpendicular to the wavefront
796107400	refraction	the bending of a wave disturbance as it passes obliquely from one medium into another
796107401	diffraction	the spreading of a wave disturbance into a region behind an obstruction
796107402	intensity	the power transferred across a unit area perpendicular to the direction of energy flow
796107403	damping	the reduction in the amplitude of a wave due to the dissipation of wave energy
796107404	wave crest	the top part of a wave
796107405	wave trough	the bottom of a wave
796107406	sound	the series of distubances in matter to which the human ear is sensative. also, similar disturbances in matter above and below of normal range of human hearing
796107407	audio range (audio spectrum)	frequencies between 20-20,000 hertz
796107408	ultrasonic	vibrations in matter above 20,000 hertz
796107409	sonic spectrum	the freequency range of sound
796107410	infrasonic	vibrations in matter below 20 hertz
796107411	superposition	combining the displacements of two or more waves vectorially to produce a resultant dispalcement.
796107412	standing wave	the resultant of two wave trains of the same wavelength, frequency, and amplitude, traveling in opposite directions through the same medium
796107413	interference	refers to what happens when two waves pass through the same region of space at the same time
796107414	constructive interference	when two standing waves approach each other on the same side of the equilibrium line, collide, separate and continue to move in the same direction as before the collision
796107415	destructive interference	when two standing waves approach each other on different sides of the equilibrium line, collide, separate and continue to move in the same direction as before the collision
796107416	beat	the interference effect resulting from the superposition of two waves of slightly different frequencies propagating in the same direction. the amplitude of the resultant wave varies with time
796107417	node	a point of no disturbance in a standing wave
796107418	loop (antinode)	a midpoint of a vibrating segment of a standing wave
796107419	resonance	the inducing of vibrations of a natural rate by a vibrating source having the same frequency
796107420	fundamental	the lowest frequency of sound produced by an instument
796107421	harmonics (overtones)	the fundamental and the tones frequencies are whole number multiplies of the fundamentals
796107422	rarefaction	the region of a longitudinal wave in the vibrating partivles are father apart than their equlibrium distance
796107423	compression	the region of a longitudinal wave in which the sitance separating the vibrating particles is less than their equilibrium distance
796107424	refraction	thet bending of a wave disturbance as it passes obliquely from one medium into another, in which the disturbances has a different velocity
796652838	angle of refraction	the angle between the refractured ray and the normal drawn to the point of the refraction
796652839	pitch	is the characteristic of sound that depends on the frequency that the ear recieves
796652840	loudness	the sensation that depends principally on the intensity of sound waves reaching the ear
796652841	quality	the property of sound waves that depends on the number of harmonics and their prominence
796652842	law of relection	when a wave disturbance is reflected at the boundary of a transmitting medium, the angle of incident is equal to the angle of reflection
796652843	doppler effect	the change observed in the frequency with which a wave from a given source reaches an observer when the source and the observer are in relative motion
796652844	production of sound	-compression waves propagate as longitudinal disturbances -the disturbances consist of compression and rarefraction -the particles of the medium acquire energy from the vibrating source and enter the vibrational mode themselves -the wave energy is passed along to adjacent particles as the periodic waves travel through the medium
796652845	thermodynamics	the study of quantitative relationships between heat and other forms of energy
796652846	system	the part of the entire universe which we have selected for consideration
796652847	surroundings (environment)	everything else in the universe
796652848	state function	variables used to define the conditions of the system
796652849	open system	mass may enter or leave
796652850	closed system	no mass may enter or leave
796652851	isolated system	if no energy passes across the boundaries
796652852	nonisolated system	if energy does pass across the boundaries
796652853	exothermic	energy flows out of the system
796652854	endothermic	energy flows into the system
796652855	internal energy	is the total potential and kinetic energy of the particles of a substance
796652856	enthalpy	the internal energy and any energy due to the expansion possibilities of the system
796652857	entropy	the property that describes the disorder of a system the internal energy of a system that cannot be converted to mechanical energy
796652858	zeroth law of thermodynamics	two systems individually in thermal equilibrium with a third system are in thermal equilibrium with each other
796652859	first law of thermodynamics	the quantity of energy supplied to any system in the form of heat is equal to the work done by the system plus the change in internal energy of the system
796652860	second law of therodynamics	heat flows naturally from a hot object to a cold object; heat will not flow spontaneously from a cold object to a hot object -no device is possible whose sole effect is to transform a given amount of heat completely into work -the total entropy of any system plus that of its surroundings increases as a result of any natural process
796652861	third law of thermodynamics	it is not possible to lower the temperature of any system to absolute zero in a finite number of states, that is absolute zero is unattainable
796652862	adiabatic process	a process in which no heat is added to or removed from a system
796652863	isobaric process	a process that takes place at a constant pressure