AP United States History Flashcards

785732734	Roanoke	the first attempt to colonize in America by the English; it failed
785732736	joint-stock company	a business in which investors pool their wealth for a common purpose, then share the profits
785732738	Jamestown	1607, first permanent settlement in America; saved by John Smith, Lord del la War, and John Rolfe
785732740	Maryland colony	established as a safe haven for Catholics; Maryland Act of Toleration said any Christian could settle within the colony despite religious beliefs
785732742	Georgia colony	created by Oglethorpe; debtor's prison, didn't establish slavery at first, created a buffer zone between the English and the Spanish
785732744	Pennsylvania colony	William Penn the Quaker (Society of Friends); holy experiment, had the most democratic government (everyone got to vote)
785732746	New England colonies	Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Maryland, Vermont
785732748	Plymouth colony	1620, first established independent colony; started by the English Separatists (Pilgrims), The Mayflower Compact (idea of majority rules); all male church members could vote
785732749	Massachusetts Bay Experiment	1630, established by Puritan John Winthrop, organized a mass exodus of 80000 Puritans, "a city upon a hill" (create a Puritan utopia); intolerant theocracy
785732750	Connecticut colony	established by Thomas Hooker, Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (first written constitution)
785732751	Rhode Island colony	established by Roger Williams; "separation of church and state"; very tolerant of other faiths
785732752	Anne Hutchinson	challenged Puritan beliefs, said she was receiving revelations from God, said church leaders were not elect, believed in different roles for women
785732753	Salem Witch Trials	1691, brought an end to Puritan theocracy
785732754	Bacon's Rebellion	fights arose between local whites and the Indians; it was a military challenge to the colonial government; revealed instability in the colony
785732755	The Great Awakening	began in the 1730s, concerns about declining piety and growing secularism; brought a new spirit of religious fervor and appealed to women; "New Lights" and "Old Lights"
785732756	Triangular Trade	fueled the colonial American economy; complex system of trade between countries; "middle passage" (journey of slaves from their homeland to the West Indies), merchant class emerged
785732757	Shay's Rebellion	Daniel Shay and his followers tried to shut down the courthouses and seize weapons from the arsenal; it was the true indication that the Articles of Confederation would not work because the government could not enforce laws
785732758	mercantilism	colonies exist for the mother country and provide the mother country with resources so it could become self-sufficient and increase their value and wealth at the expense of the colonies
785732759	French and Indian War	the British and the French had conflicting land claims and both wanted the economic riches (fur trade) of the Ohio Valley; aka Seven Years' War
785732760	Albany Plan	written by Ben Franklin; believed the colonies had to unite for a collective defense, but it was rejected by the colonists
785732761	Treaty of Paris	1763, England now dominated N. America, huge debt, colonists became united and learned how different they were from Britain
785732762	Proclamation of 1763	issued by King George III, said colonists could not enter the Ohio Valley, colonists became angry with the King, ended the period of salutary neglect
785732763	Stamp Act	1765, first direct tax on the American colonies, purpose was the pay for British troops, very unpopular and led to the Stamp Act Congress (delegates discussed organization of boycotts)
785732764	Declaratory Act	passed after the Stamp Act had been repealed, said that Parliament could legislate for colonies in all cases
785732765	Virginia Resolves	written by Patrick Henry, said Stamp Act was illegal because colonies only had virtual instead of direct representation
785732766	Tea Act	1773, gave a monopoly to the British East Indian Company on the selling of tea, led to the Boston Tea Party which was conducted by the Sons of Liberty
785732767	Sons of Liberty	a group of young men who opposed the Stamp Act, Samuel Adams was the leader, responsible for dumping tea into the Boston Harbor in the Boston Tea Party
785732768	Intolerable/Coercive Act	passed by Parliament as a way to punish the colonies after the Boston Tea Party, led colonists to gather at the First Continental Congress
785732769	First Continental Congress	purpose was to discuss a unified colonial reaction to the Intolerable Acts, decided to use force to resist the Intolerable Acts
785732770	Battle of Lexington and Concord	"shot heard around the world", Minutemen
785732771	Battle of Bunker Hill	significant because the British had suffered extreme losses and it led to a morale boost for the colonists because they proved they could fight
785732772	Olive Branch Petition	last desperate appeal for peace, King rejected it
785732773	Second Continental Congress	created an army that represented the 13 colonies (Continental Army led by Washington)
785732774	Battle of Trenton	successful surprise attack on the German Hessians, the Americans picked up a lot of supplies
785732775	Battle of Saratoga	major turning point of the Revolutionary War, Americans have a European-like victory and the colonies gain support from France
785732776	Treaty of Paris	all land east of the Mississippi is given to the Americans
785732777	Articles of Confederation	no taxing power, no control of trade, no power to enforce laws, no executive or judiciary, no currency controls; united the US in name, negotiated successful Treaty of Paris, *Northwest Ordinance
785732778	Northwest Ordinance	greatest achievement under the Articles of Confederation, first guarantee of freedom of religion, writ of habeus corpus, grid (public schools in each section), first prohibition of slavery
785870078	Whiskey Rebellion	whiskey makers were upset with high taxes so they proposed they'd secede from the US or join the Spanish; Hamilton led an army and easily won them; demonstrated the new government under the Constitution could handle things
785870079	George Washington	served from 1787-1796, created the Presidential cabinet, Judiciary Act of 1789 (created judicial branch), warned against factions and entangling alliances with foreign powers
785870080	John Adams	1796-1800, presided over a divided government, led the US in the Quasi War with France, passed the Alien and Sedition Acts, and the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
785870081	Federalist Era	began in 1789 when Washington became President and ended when John Adams lost to Jefferson (Republican) in 1800, Federalist controlled the government the entire time
785870082	XYZ Affair	a message sent out by John Adams to Congress denouncing the insults of the French calling them Messengers X, Y, and Z; led the US and France to go to war in the Quasi War
785870083	Alien and Sedition Acts	created new obstacles for foreigners to become US citizens and gave more power to the President
785870084	Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions	stated that a state had the right to declare a law unconstiutional, or nullify a law, within its borders. These were written by Jefferson and Madison to resist the Alien and Sedition Acts
785870085	The Great Compromise	aka Connecticut Plan, called for a legislature where the states would be proportionally represented in the upper house and represented by population in the lower house
785870086	Virginia Plan	written by James Madison, argued for proportional representation, favored by large states
785870087	New Jersey Plan	unicameral legislature, equal representation in the the houses, favored by small states