Ch23 Campbell Biology, 9th ed Flashcards
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| 787916140 | The percentage, on average, of a population's loci that are heterozygous in members of the population. | Average Heterozygosity | |
| 787916141 | Natural selection that maintains two or more phenotypic forms in a population. | Balancing Selection | |
| 787916142 | Genetic drift that occurs when the size of a population is reduced, as by a natural disaster or human actions. Typically, the surviving population is no longer genetically representative of the original population. | Bottleneck Effect | |
| 787916143 | A graded change in a character along a geographic axis. | Cline | |
| 787916144 | Natural selection in which individuals at one end of the phenotypic range survive or reproduce more successfully than do other individuals. | Directional Selection | |
| 787916145 | Natural selection in which individuals on both extremes of a phenotypic range survive or reproduce more successfully than do individuals with intermediate phenotypes. | Disruptive Selection | |
| 787916146 | Genetic drift that occurs when a few individuals become isolated from a larger population and form a new population whose gene pool composition is not reflective of that of the original population. | Founder Effect | |
| 787916147 | The transfer of alleles from one population to another, resulting from the movement of fertile individuals or their gametes. | Gene Flow | |
| 787916148 | The aggregate of all copies of every type of allele at all loci in every individual in a population. The term is also used in a more restricted sense as the aggregate of alleles for just one or a few loci in a population. | Gene Pool | |
| 787916149 | A process in which chance events cause unpredictable fluctuations in allele frequencies from one generation to the next. Effects of genetic drift are most pronounced in small populations. | Genetic Drift | |
| 787916150 | Differences among individuals in the composition of their genes or other DNA segments. | Genetic Variation | |
| 787916151 | Differences between the gene pools of geographically separate populations or population subgroups. | Geographic Isolation | |
| 787916152 | The principle that frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a population remain constant from generation to generation, provided that only Mendelian segregation and recombination of alleles are at work. | Hardy-Weinberg Principle | |
| 787916153 | Greater reproductive success of heterozygous individuals compared with homozygotes; tends to preserve variation in a gene pool. | Heterozygote Advantage | |
| 787916154 | Selection whereby individuals of one sex (usually females) are choosy in selecting their mates from individuals of the other sex; also called mate choice. | Intersexual Selection | |
| 787916155 | Selection in which there is direct competition among individuals of one sex for mates of the opposite sex. | Intrasexual Selection | |
| 787916156 | Evolutionary change below the species level; change in the allele frequencies in a population over generations. | Microevolution | |
| 787916157 | Genetic variation that does not provide a selective advantage or disadvantage. | Neutral Variation | |
| 787916158 | A group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and interbreed, producing fertile offspring. | Population | |
| 787916159 | The contribution an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation, relative to the contributions of other individuals in the population. | Relative Fitness | |
| 787916160 | Differences between the secondary sex characteristics of males and females. | Sexual Dimorphism | |
| 787916161 | A form of selection in which individuals with certain inherited characteristics are more likely than other individuals to obtain mates. | Sexual Selection | |
| 787916162 | Natural selection in which intermediate phenotypes survive or reproduce more successfully than do extreme phenotypes. | Stabilizing Selection | |
| 787916163 | Any of the alternative versions of a gene that produce distinguishable phenotypic effects. | Allele | |
| 787916164 | A decline in the reproductive success of individuals that have a phenotype that has become too common in a population. | Frequency-Dependent Selection | |
| 787916165 | The condition describing a nonevolving population. | Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium | |
| 787916166 | A change in the nucleotide sequence of an organism's DNA, ultimately creating genetic diversity. Mutations also can occur in the DNA or RNA of a virus. | Mutation | |
| 787916167 | A process in which organisms with certain inherited characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce than are organisms with other characteristics. | Natural Selection | |
| 787916168 | A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair. | Point Mutation | |
| 787916169 | A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the predicted results of random fertilization in genetic crosses. | Punnett Square | |
| 787916170 | A heritable feature that varies continuously over a range rather than in an either-or fashion. | Quantitative Character | |
| 787916171 | An allele whose phenotypic effect is not observed in a heterozygote. | Recessive Allele | |
| 787916172 | A human genetic disease caused by a recessive allele that results in the substitution of a single amino acid in a globin polypeptide that is part of the hemoglobin protein; characterized by deformed red blood cells (due to protein aggregation) that can | Sickle-Cell Disease |