Apologia Biology Module 5 Flashcards

Vocabulary from Module 5 of Apologia's Exploring Creation with Biology (2nd Edition) by Dr. Jay Wile

853353596	Matter	Anything that has mass and takes up space.
853353599	Model	An explanation or representation of something that cannot be seen.
853353600	Element	A collection of atoms that all have the same number of protons.
853353601	Molecules	Chemicals that result from atoms linking together.
853353602	Physical change	A change that affects the appearance but not the chemical makeup of a substance. Generally reversible. (EXAMPLES: Sugar dissolving in water; Ice melting)
853353603	Chemical change	A change that alters the makeup of the elements or molecules of a substance. Generally not reversible. (EXAMPLE: paper burning)
853353604	Phase	One of three forms--solid, liquid, or gas--which every substance is capable of attaining.
853353605	Diffusion	The random motion of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Takes place through solid, liquid and gases.
853353622	Concentration	A measurement of how much solute exists within a certain volume of solvent.
853353606	Semipermeable membrane	A membrane that allows some molecules to pass through but not others. (EXAMPLE: a cell membrane)
853353607	Osmosis	A special type of diffusion where a solvent travels across a semipermeable membrane into areas of higher solute concentration. Takes place only in water.
853353608	Catalyst	A substance that alters the speed of a chemical reation but is not used up in the process.
853353609	Organic molecule	A molecule that contains only carbon and any of the following: hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfer, and/or phosphorous.
853353610	Biosynthesis	The process by which living organisms produce larger molecules from smaller ones.
853353611	Isomers (ISO=same)	Two different molecules that have the same chemical formula.
853353612	Monosaccharides (MONO=one; SACCHARIDES=sugars)	Simple carbohydrates that contain 3 to 10 atoms.
853353613	Disaccharides (DI=two; SACCHARIDES=sugars)	Carbohydrates that are made up of two monosaccharides.
853353614	Polysaccharides (POLY=many; SACCHARIDES=sugars)	Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides.
853353615	Dehydration reaction	A chemical reaction in which molecules combine by removing water.
853353616	Hydrolysis	Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water.
853353617	Hydrophobic (HYDRO = water; PHOBIC = fear)	Lacking any affinity to water.
853353618	Saturated fat	A lipid made from fatty acids that have no double bond between carbonatoms.
853353619	Unsaturated fat	A lipid made from fatty acids that have at least one double bond between carbon atoms.
853353620	Peptide bond	A bond that links amino acids together in a protein.
853353621	Hydrogen bond	A strong attraction between hydrogen atoms and certain other atoms (usually oxygen or nitrogen) in specific molecules. Overall, a WEAK BOND.