LCCS Campbell Bio (8e) Chpt 32 Flashcards

chp32

735216116	Anterior	Pertaining to the front, or head, of a bilaterally symmetrical animal.
735216117	Archenteron	The endoderm-lined cavity, formed during gastrulation, that develops into the digestive tract of an animal.
735216118	Anthropod	A segmented ecdysozoan with a hard exoskeleton and jointed appendages. Familiar examples include insects, spiders, millipedes, and crabs.
735216119	Bilateral Symmetry	Body symmetry in which a central longitudinal plane divides the body into two equal but opposite halves.
735216120	Bilaterian	Member of a clade of animals with bilateral symmetry and three germ layers.
735216121	Blastopore	In a gastrula, the opening of the archenteronthat typically develops into the anus in deuterostomes and the mouth in protostomes.
735216122	Blastula	In a gastrula, the opening of the archenteronthat typically develops into the anus in deuterostomes and the mouth in protostomes.
735216123	Body Cavity	A fluid- or air-filled space between the digestive tract and the body wall.
735216124	Body Plan	In animals, a set of morphological and developmental traits that are integrated into a functional whole—the living animal.
735216125	Cambrian Explosion	A relatively brief time in geologic history when large, hard-bodied forms of animals with most of the major body plans known today appeared in the fossil record. This burst of evolutionary change occurred about 535-525 million years ago.
735216126	Cell Wall	A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in the cells of plants, prokaryotes, fungi, and some protists. Polysaccharides such as cellulose (in plants and some protists), chitin (in fungi), and peptidoglycan (in bacteria) are an important structural component of cell walls.
735216127	Cephalization	An evolutionary trend toward the concentration of sensory equipment at the anterior end of the body.
735216128	Chordate	Member of the phylum Chordata, animals that at some point during their development have a notochord; a dorsal, hollow nerve cord; pharyngeal slits or clefts; and a muscular, post-anal tail.
735216129	Clade	A group of species that includes an ancestral species and all its descendants.
735216130	Cleavage	(1) The process of cytokinesis in animal cells, characterized by pinching of the plasma membrane. (2) The succession of rapid cell divisions without significant growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote to a ball of cells.
735216131	Coelom	A body cavity lined by tissue derived only from mesoderm.
735216132	Coelomate	An animal that possesses a true coelom (a body cavity lined by tissue completely derived from mesoderm).
735216133	Determinate Cleavage	A type of embryonic development in protostomes that rigidly casts the developmental fate of each embryonic cell very early.
735216134	deuterostome development	In animals, a developmental mode distinguished by the development of the anus from the blastopore; often also characterized by radial cleavage and by the body cavity forming as outpockets of mesodermal tissue.
735216135	Diploblastic	Having two germ layers.
735216136	ecdysozoan	Member of a group of animal phyla identified as a clade by molecular evidence. Many ecdysozoans are molting animals.
735216137	Ectoderm	The outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and, in some phyla, the nervous system, inner ear, and lens of the eye.
735216138	Endoderm	The innermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; lines the archenteron and gives rise to the liver, pancreas, lungs, and the lining of the digestive tract in species that have these structures.
735216139	Eukarya	The domain that includes all eukaryotic organisms.
735216140	Eumetazoan	Member of a clade of animals with true tissues. All animals except sponges and a few other groups are eumetazoans.
735216141	Gastrula	An embryonic stage in animal development encompassing the formation of three layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.
735216142	Gastrulation	In animal development, a series of cell and tissue movements in which the blastula-stage embryo folds inward, producing a three-layered embryo, the gastrula.
735216143	Grade	A group of organisms that share the same level of organizational complexity or share a key adaptation.
735216144	Heteroptroph	An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or substances derived from them.
735216145	Larva	A free-living, sexually immature form in some animal life cycles that may differ from the adult animal in morphology, nutrition, and habitat.
735216146	Lophophore	In some lophotrochozoan animals, including brachiopods, a crown of ciliated tentacles that surround the mouth and function in feeding.
735216147	Lophotrochozoan	Member of a group of animal phyla identified as a clade by molecular evidence. Lophotrochozoans include organisms that have lophophores or trochophore larvae.
735216148	Mesoderm	The middle primary germ layer in an animal embryo; develops into the notochord, the lining of the coelom, muscles, skeleton, gonads, kidneys, and most of the circulatory system in species that have these structures.
735216149	Metamorphorsis	The middle primary germ layer in an animal embryo; develops into the notochord, the lining of the coelom, muscles, skeleton, gonads, kidneys, and most of the circulatory system in species that have these structures.
735216150	Molting	A process in ecdysozoans in which the exoskeleton is shed at intervals, allowing growth by the production of a larger exoskeleton.
735216151	Protostone Development	In animals, a developmental mode distinguished by the development of the mouth from the blastopore; often also characterized by spiral cleavage and by the body cavity forming when solid masses of mesoderm split.
735216152	Pseudocoelomate	An animal whose body cavity is lined by tissue derived from mesoderm and endoderm.
735216153	Radial Clealage	A type of embryonic development in deuterostomes in which the planes of cell division that transform the zygote into a ball of cells are either parallel or perpendicular to the vertical axis of the embryo, thereby aligning tiers of cells one above the other.
735216154	Radial Symetry	Symmetry in which the body is shaped like a pie or barrel (lacking a left side and a right side) and can be divided into mirror-imaged halves by any plane through its central axis.
735216155	Spiral Cleavage	A type of embryonic development in protostomes in which the planes of cell division that transform the zygote into a ball of cells are diagonal to the vertical axis of the embryo. As a result, the cells of each tier sit in the grooves between cells of adjacent tiers.
735216156	Triploblastic	Possessing three germ layers: the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. Most eumetazoans are triploblastic.