Enlightenment Era Cultural Figures Flashcards
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| 712828059 | began mercantilism | Colbert | |
| 712828057 | wrote about manipulative court etiquette ("Princesse of Cleves") | Madame de Lafayette | |
| 712828058 | favored by Louis XIV, secretly mocked pretentions of the aspiring elite class | Moliere | |
| 712809800 | playwrights who represented Louis XIV's values through their plays (order & self-control) | Corneille & Racine | |
| 712543030 | absolutist, humans are naturally bad | Hobbes | |
| 712543031 | constitutionalism, general will, tabula rasa, empiricism | Locke | |
| 712551032 | Dutch philosopher, God = nature | Spinoza | |
| 712560342 | "Pascal's wager", skeptical about human ability to forge order out of chaos, defended Jansens | Pascal | |
| 712560343 | personal liberties -- freedom of press and of religion | Milton | |
| 712582241 | against slavery | Father du Tertre | |
| 712809801 | Rococo painters who emphasized sensuality | Boucher & Watteau | |
| 712809802 | worked for both church and newly receptive public | Bach | |
| 712809803 | introduced oratorio (drama of opera + majesty of religious music) | Handel | |
| 712809804 | "Robinson Crusoe" reflected value of entrepreneurial ingenuity | Daniel Defoe | |
| 712809805 | big and healthy population vital to future of state | William Petty "Political Arithmetik" | |
| 712809806 | made heliocentrism popular/accessible to public | Fontenelle | |
| 712809807 | religious skeptic, against intolerance | Bayle | |
| 712809808 | travel writer critical of French despotism, punishment should fit crime | Montesquieu | |
| 712809809 | hosted best-known salons | Madame Geoffrin | |
| 712809810 | originally proposed heliocentrism | Copernicus | |
| 712809811 | discovered that universe changes (personally rejected heliocentrism) | Brahe | |
| 712809812 | elliptical orbit | Kepler | |
| 712809813 | invented telescope, found evidence for heliocentrism & idea that universe was not perfect (saw craters on moon) | Galileo | |
| 712809814 | confirmed elliptical orbit, inspired deism | Newton | |
| 712809815 | against religion b/c it encouraged fanaticism, deist, believed in enlightened monarchy | Voltaire | |
| 712809816 | inductive reasoning (detailed facts to general principles) and empiricism (sensory observations lead to formation of abstract ideas) | Bacon | |
| 712809817 | deductive reasoning (general to particular/ cause to effect) rationalist (reason is the source of knowledge) | Descartes | |
| 712809818 | inspired capitalism and free market/ laissez faire (believed individual will benefited community) | Smith | |
| 712809819 | inspired romanticism and democracy (should subject individual will to general will), anti-women | Rousseau | |
| 712809820 | religion rested on superstition as opposed to reason | Hume | |
| 712809821 | b/w empiricism & rationalism, categorical imperative, valued independent/free thought above all | Kant | |
| 712809822 | Encyclopedia, deductive reasoning, against established religion | Diderot | |
| 712809823 | British travel-novel writer, conflicting view of natives (pure v. savage) | Cook | |
| 712809824 | wanted religious toleration for jews and ability to critique gov | Lessing | |
| 712809825 | tried to bridge German-Jewish cultures (believed Judaism was a rational religion & persecution would end when reason triumphed) | Mendelssohn | |
| 712809826 | romantic writer ("Sorrows of Young Werther") | Goethe | |
| 712809827 | founded Hasidism, emphasized mystical aspects of religion as opposed to strict religious study | Israel ben Eliezer | |
| 712809828 | enlightened ruler of Prussia | Frederick II "The Great" | |
| 712809829 | enlightened ruler who valued retaining her power over enlightenment ideals | Catherine the Great of Russia | |
| 712809830 | originally composed for nobility but works were later publicly performed, | Haydn & Mozart | |
| 712809831 | wrote children's books (popular new form b/c of emphasis on children's education) | Stephanie de Genlis | |
| 712809832 | innocent until proven guilty, no torture/ death penalty | Beccaria | |
| 712809833 | Austrian leader tolerant of other religions, broad educational reforms | Joseph II |