Absolutism - Enlightenment Era Terms Flashcards
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| 712471842 | French revolt over Mazarin's strict rule (taxes) | Fronde | |
| 712471843 | Regent while Louis XIV was young, strict rule, killed in Fronde | Mazarin | |
| 712577798 | French national style that reflected ideals of antiquity (order, harmony) | Classicism | |
| 712471847 | ascetic religion suppressed by Louis XIV, politically active against him | Jansenists | |
| 712471849 | by Louis XIV to strengthen Catholicism | Revocation of Edict of Nantes 1685 | |
| 712471850 | local rulers picked by Louis XIV | Intendants | |
| 712471851 | Louis XIV minister who started mercantilism, helped expand New World presence | Colbert | |
| 712471852 | Louis XIV took Habsburg-controlled Spanish Netherlands but was forced to give it back by triple-alliance (England, Sweden, Dutch Rep) under Treaty of Aix-La-Chappelle | War of Devolution | |
| 712471853 | ended war of devolution, France lost its gains (Spanish Netherlands) | Treaty of Aix-La-Chappelle | |
| 712471854 | France and England vs. Dutch Rep and Habsburgs, France wins but experiences anti-tax revolts, Treaty of Nigimejen | Dutch War | |
| 712471855 | Ends Dutch War, makes France larger and super powerful | Treaty of Nijimegen | |
| 712471856 | Major European powers ally to curb Louis XIV's power, fight to stalemate | War of League of Augsburg | |
| 712471857 | Louis XIV returns most conquests | Peace of Rijswijk | |
| 712471858 | Habsburgs resist idea of French heir to Spanish throne, curb French power | War of Spanish Succession | |
| 712471859 | Ends French domination in Europe and North America | Peace of Utretch | |
| 712690900 | French ruler after Louis XIV, gave more power to parliament & nobility | Duke of Orléans | |
| 712690901 | French ruler after Duke of Orléans, brought financial stability | Cardinal Hercule de Fleury | |
| 712539391 | Prussian nobility (originally super strong but controlled by Great Elector | Junkers | |
| 712539392 | Habsburg possessions could never be divided (allowed for female heirs, post-30YW) | Pragmatic Sanction | |
| 712539393 | Hohenzollern ruler who took absolute power over Junkers after the 30YW | Frederick William "The Great Elector" | |
| 712539394 | strengthened Prussian army, militarized society, frugal | Frederick William I "Sergeant King" | |
| 712539395 | enlightened monarch, expanded Prussian power through warfare (war of austrian succession, 7YW, partition of Poland) | Frederick II "The Great" | |
| 712539396 | King during English civil war, imposed Catholic influences on Anglican church | Charles I | |
| 712539397 | First parliament under Charles I forced him to agree to consulting them on taxes etc. but he didn't really follow this and stopped calling parliament | Petition of Right | |
| 712539398 | started civil war | Parliament of 1640 | |
| 712539399 | imposed Catholic rituals on Anglican church (caused Scottish war, angry Puritans) | Archbishop of Canterbury William Laud | |
| 712539400 | Royalists during civil war | Cavaliers | |
| 712539401 | parliamentary forces during civil war, mostly Puritan | Roundheads | |
| 712539402 | calvinists w/ central authority, dominated parliament | Presbytarians | |
| 712539403 | congregationalists, controlled New Model army | Independents | |
| 712539404 | independent who headed parliament's New Model Army, became despotic ruler during Interregnum who subjugated Scotland/Ireland | Oliver Cromwell | |
| 712539405 | period after civil war b/w Charles I & II, Cromwell ruled | Interregnum | |
| 712539406 | parliamentary forces during English civil war, headed by Cromwell and independents | New Model Army | |
| 712539407 | suffrage for propertied men | Levellers | |
| 712539408 | religious sects after english civil war, emphasized personal connection with god | Baptists/Quakers | |
| 712539409 | under Cromwell Independents drove out Presbyterians, beheaded Charles I | Rump Parliament | |
| 712539410 | invited back from exile after Cromwell's rule, leaned toward Catholicism (declaration of indulgence) | Charles II | |
| 712539411 | Charles II extended religious tolerance to Catholics b/c of secret deal with Louis XIV, angered parliament | Declaration of Indulgence | |
| 712539412 | Parliamentary response to Declaration of Indulgence (anti-Catholic) | Test Act | |
| 712539413 | Parliament refused to grant throne to Roman Catholic in response to Declaration of Indulgence | Exclusion Crisis | |
| 712539414 | wanted monarchy and more Catholic Anglican church | Tories | |
| 712539415 | wanted parliamentary supremacy and Protestanism | Whigs | |
| 712539416 | after Charles II, forced Catholicism on England & prompted Glorious Revolution | James II | |
| 712539417 | 1688 Protestant William & Mary invited back to depose Catholic James II, constitutionalism (Bill of Right) | Glorious Revolution | |
| 712539418 | ensured Parliamentary participation in government after Glorious Revolution | Bill of Right | |
| 712690902 | ruler after William & Mary, from protestant House of Hanover | King George I | |
| 712690903 | supporters of Catholic king James II & his son | Jacobites | |
| 712690904 | under George I Scotland joined w/ England out of fear of jacobites | Act of Union 1701 | |
| 712690905 | managed George I's relations with parliament, set trend of prime ministers being from leading party & gaining loyalty through patronage | Robert Walpole | |
| 712591991 | system of trade involving slavery, spurred consumer culture and interest in New World settlements | Atlantic System | |
| 712591992 | new farming techniques that brought more, consolidated land under cultivation, began in Britain | Agricultural Revolution | |
| 712591993 | consolidation of smaller farms into privat property, spurred disappearance of peasantry & move to cities | Enclosure Movement | |
| 712638388 | painting style featuring and made for new middle class (scenes from every life, decorative quality) sensual | Rococo | |
| 712690906 | protestant revival movement emphasizing intense bible study, hard work and obedience (influenced Prussia especially) | Pietism | |
| 712690907 | Catholic revival emphasizing mystical union w/ God | Quietism | |
| 712690908 | Russian ruler who built absolutist state based on Western model, controlled nobility, expanded Russian territory & influence through warfare | Peter the Great | |
| 712690909 | Peter the Great won Baltics from Sweden (Battle of Poltava) | Great Northern War | |
| 712690910 | Russia and Austria forced France to accept Habsburg heir | War of Polish Succession | |
| 712690911 | Hungarian noble who rebelled against Austrian rule, forced concessions for Hungary | Ferenc Rakoczi | |
| 712809747 | God set universe in motion but didn't interfere w/ daily life | Deists | |
| 712809748 | France provided perfect conditions for spread of enlightenment (prosperity but lack of freedoms, gov torn b/w suppressing it and supporting it) | French Enlightenment | |
| 712809749 | focused on deep inner emotions and on the joys of nature -- pushback against total reliance on reason | Romanticism | |
| 712809750 | 1740s, included Great Awakening, underlined limits of reason | Protestant Revivals | |
| 712809751 | ascetic, focused on personal relation w/ God, politically conservative | Methodism | |
| 712809752 | enlightened Russian ruler, gave more power to nobility | Catherine II | |
| 712809753 | secret society w/ elaborate rituals that encouraged equality (included nobles and middle class) | Masonic lodges/ Freemasons | |
| 712809754 | local learned societies focused on concrete reforms (essay contests, included nobles & middle class) | Academies | |
| 712809755 | style from antiquity, emphasized purity & clarity (unlike preceding rococo) | Neoclassicism | |
| 712809756 | Prussia + France vs. Austria + England fought over female successor, Prussia ultimately won territory | War of Austrian Succession (1740-1748) | |
| 712809757 | diplomatic revolution (Prussia + England vs. Austria + France) led to France losing New World territory | Seven Years' War (1756-1763) | |
| 712809758 | Prussia, Austria and Russia split parts of Poland b/w them | Partition of Poland | |
| 712809759 | urged grain deregulation, equitable tax, abolishment of guilds | Physiocrats | |
| 712809760 | tried to implement physiocrat policies but was resisted | Louis XVI |