unfinished nation 5-6 Flashcards

809212428	The statute of Religious Liberty	Written by Thomas Jefferson in 1786 that called for complete separation of church and state. Americans believed religion should play some role in government, but they didn't want to give special privileges to a particular denomination (church privileges stripped away).
809212429	Thomas Paine, "Common Sense"	Pamphlet crystalizing colonists' feelings that independence was the only remaining option in January 1776. Wanted to turn American anger away from parliamentary measure and towards the English constitution. (Common sense for Americans to break completely with political system that inflicted such brutality on its own people) Helped build support for independence in early 1776.
809212430	Judith Sargent Murray	Leading essayist of the late 18th century who wrote in 1779 women's mind were as good as those of men and that girls as well as boys therefore deserved access to education. Little changed because although unmarried women had some rights, married women had none.
809212431	The Articles of Confederation	November 1777, Congress adopted a plan for union which confirmed the existing weak, decentralized system. Broad disagreements over the plan became evident; small states wanted equal state representation, but large states wanted representation based on population. New York and Virginia had to give up western claims before the Articles were approved (effect in 1781)
809212432	Battle of Fallen Timbers	General Anthony Wayne led 4,000 soldiers into the Ohio Valley in 1794 and defeated the Indians. As a result, negotiations resumed & a year later, Miami signed Treaty of Greenville that ceded substantial new lands to the US in exchange for formal acknowledgement of claim to the territory they retained.
809243859	Shay's Rebellion	Former captain in the continental army, Daniel Shays issued demands (paper money, tax relief, a moratorium on debts, and abolition of imprisonment for debt) that dissidents in CT and MA rallied behind. It was a failure (although producing some concessions to farmers); Shays and his lieutenants were sentenced to death but pardoned. MA offered some tax relief and postponement of debt payments. *Added urgency to the movement to produce a new, national constitution.
809243860	Bill of Rights	Congress approved 12 amendments and 10 were ratified by the states by 1791. Nine placed limitations on the new government by forbidding to infringe on fundamental rights (freedom of religion, speech, & the press)
809243861	Virginia Plan	James Madison devised a plan for a new "national" government. This plan shaped the agenda of the convention from the moment Edmund Randolph of Virginia proposed the Legislative, Executive, and Judiciary government. Less agreement because of two houses (lower: states represented in proportion to pop. upper: elected by lower)
809243862	Anti-federalists	Critics of Federalists (implying they had nothing to offer but opposition) led by Patrick Henry and Samuel Adams. Believed they were defenders of the true principles of the Revolution--thought the Constitution lacked a bill of rights. However, ratification proceeded 1787-1788
809243863	Alien and Sedition Acts	Placed new obstacles for foreigners wishing to became US citizens and strengthened president's hand in dealing with aliens. (Discouraged immigration and encouraged foreigners to leave) Allowed govt to prosecute those engaged in sedition against govt. Republicans thought these were a Federalist campaign to destroy them. (Arrested/Convicted ten newspaper editors who criticized Federalists in govt)
809243864	New Jersey Plan	Smaller states might hav no members at the upper house (Virginia Plan), so William Paterson of NJ said for one house legislature (all states w/ equal representation) but give Congress ability to tax and regulate commerce. Rejected this plan but permitted members of upper house (the Senate) to be elected by legislatures.
809243865	The Annapolis Meeting	Alexander Hamilton, James Madison (Virginia) and five state delegates convened in an interstate conference on commercial question. Decided to meet in Philadelphia the next year, and George Washington's support (due to Shays' Rebellion) gave he meeting wide credibility.
809243866	XYZ Affair	French were attacking neutral American ships and French refused to see Charles Cotesworthy Pickney (chosen representative) so Adams sent a commission of Americans to meet with them.French foreign minister - sent the agents x, y, and z to demand a loan for France and a bribe for French officials before negotiations could begin - Americans were outraged (1798)
809243867	Pinckney's Treaty	After Jay's treaty - Americans negotiated with Spain to get rights to use the Mississippi river to get goods to the Gulf of Mexico
809243868	Federalist	valued a stronger national gov't - some more extreme federalists (Alexander Hamilton) believed in pleasing Aristocrats more than the common people
809243869	The Bank of the United States	Bank was chartered by the gov't - Federalists - was supposed to stabilize America's banking system -- caused controversy since banks were not mentioned in the constitution
809243870	"The Revolution of 1800"	Thomas Jefferson referred to the Republican's domination of the Congress and executive branch as a "revolution" they thought tyranny of the nation had been defeated
809243871	The Constitution Convention	Founding Fathers met to discuss the reformation of the Articles of Confederation - eventually just gave up the document and created the Constitution May to Sept. 1787
809243872	Thomas Jefferson	Virginian - Secretary of State in George Washington's Cabinet
809243873	The Republicans	Thomas Jefferson and James Madison were republicans (not the same as present day) 1790"s party came into existence focused on an agricultural lifestyle (federalists wanted to expand more into industry) favored the common man (anti - aristocratic)
809243874	The Whisky Rebellion	rebellion against Hamilton's whiskey policies - small farmers who also put out whiskey refeused to pay the exise tax on alcohol - western PA farmers began harrassing tax collectors - Washington led 15,000 militiamen to PA and the rebellion broke up
809243875	The 10th Amendment to the constitution	Amendment: The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions used the ideas of John Locke and the Tenth Amendment to the Constitution to argue that the federal government had been formed by a compact or contract among the states and possessed only certain delegated powers.