Brinkley Chapter 5: American Revolution Flashcards

Key terms: Mr. Cuneo for Chapter 5

241249312	Olive Branch Petition	Peace offering sent to King George III by second Continental Congress. Sent following Lexington and Concord in May of 1774, rejected.
241249313	John Locke	English philosopher who began ideas of basic rights granted to every man just for being human
241249314	Land Ordinance	Laws passed by 2nd CC to regulate the expansion of the colonies in the Ohio River Valley following the victory over the British.
241249315	Bunker Hill	Famous battle where colonists led by George Prescott, "don't fire until you see the whites of their eyes". Though it was a British victory, there were a tremendous number of British casualties, giving the Americans hope.
241249316	Treaty of Grenville	Signed in Miami (OH), stating that the colonists own all of the land in the Ohio River Valley but they will not interfere with the occupied Native American land
241249317	Shay's Rebellion	A farmer named Daniel Shays led a bloody revolt against the weak central government in Massachusetts following the ratification of the Articles of Confederation. Made it clear a stronger central government was needed and helped form the desire for a constitution.
241249318	Hessians	German troops that were sent by the Holy Roman Empire to assist the British and crush the rebellion. They had hopes that the would receive compensation for their efforts following a British victory
241249319	Battle of Saratoga	Known as one of the major turning points of the Revolution. Fought in NY and a major colonial victory
241249320	Articles of Confederation	The first written down government that erased all of the previous British policies that were seen as tyrannical. Laid the foundation for a democratic republic and a constitution but seen as a failure b/c of a week centralized government that led the colonies to the edge of anarchy.
241249321	Treaty of Paris	(1783) Britain recognised US independence and agreed to cease hostilities and withdraw her troops
241249322	Declaration of Independence	Signed on July 4, 1776 written by Thomas Jefferson, it was the document that severed ties with the mother country of G.B. and showed there was no turning back in the revolution.
241249323	Republicanism	A philosophy of limited government with elected representatives serving at the will of the people. The government is based on consent of the governed.
241249324	Battle of Fallen Timbers	The U.S. Army defeated the Native Americans under Shawnee Chief Blue Jacket and ended Native American hopes of keeping their land that lay north of the Ohio River
241249325	Northwest Ordinance	Enacted in 1787, it is considered one of the most significant achievements of the Articles of Confederation. It established a system for setting up governments in the western territories so they could eventually join the Union on an equal footing with the original 13 states
241249326	Benedict Arnold	Successful American general during the Revolution who turned traitor in 1780 and joined the British cause.
241249327	Mary Wollstonecraft	British feminist of the eighteenth century who argued for women's equality with men, even in voting, in her 1792 "Vindication of the Rights of Women."
241249328	Thomas Jefferson	He was a delegate from Virginia at the Second Continental Congress and wrote the Declaration of Independence. He later served as the third President of the United States.
241249329	Common Sense	a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that criticized monarchies and convinced many American colonists of the need to break away from Britain
241249330	Valley Forge	Place where Washington's army spent the winter of 1777-1778, a 4th of troops died here from disease and malnutriton, Steuben comes and trains troops
241249331	Yorktown	the last major engagement/battle of the war. Washington's armies along with the French naval fleet under de Grasse surrounded British general Charles Cornwallis and received his surrender It ended major engagements in the colonies, thus putting an "end" to the war.`
241249332	Tories/Loyalists	Persons who were against independence and wanted to remain loyal to England. Given the name Tories by patriots and seen as traitors and cowards, they were viciously persecuted
241249333	Abigail Adams	Wife of John Adams. During the Revolutionary War, she wrote letters to her husband describing life on the homefront. She urged her husband to remember America's women in the new government he was helping to create.