New World Beginnings Flashcards

49743280	Marco Polo	Venetian merchant who wrote Il Milione and introduced the West to Eastern Asia
49743281	Francisco Pizarro	Conquistador who conquered the Inca.
49743282	John Rolfe	Virginia tobacco entrepreneur who married Pocahontas.
49743283	Vasco da Gama	Dutch explorer who found a direct route to India.
49743284	Francis Drake	Elizabethan-era privateer.
49743285	Lord Baltimore	Founded Maryland as a Catholic haven.
49749097	Christopher Columbus	Discovered the Americas in 1492.
49749098	Humphrey Gilbert	English navigator who in 1583 established in Newfoundland the first English colony in North America.
49749099	Oliver Cromwell	British Lord Protector following the English Civil War.
49749100	Francisco Coronado	Sixteenth century Spanish explorer who was the first European to discover the Grand Canyon.
49749101	Walter Raleigh	Englishman who led the failed attempt to colonize North Carolina at Roanoke Island.
49749102	James Oglethorpe	Philanthropist founder of Georgia as a debtor's colony.
49749103	Hernando Cortés	Conquistador who conquered the Aztec.
49749104	John Smith	Leader of Jamestown, the first successful English colony in what would become the U.S.
49749105	nation-state	Autonomous country.
49749106	joint-stock company	Short-term partnership between multiple investors to fund a commercial enterprise; such arrangements were used to fund England's early colonial ventures.
49749107	royal charter	Royal document granting a specified group the right to form a colony and guaranteeing settlers their rights as English citizens.
49749108	slave codes	Laws passed in the colonies to control slaves.
49749109	yeoman	Man or farmer owning small estate; middle-class farmer.
49749110	squatter	Someone who settles on land without right or title.
49749111	primogeniture	Legal principle that the oldest son inherits all family property or land. Landowner's younger sons, forced to seek their fortunes elsewhere, pioneered early exploration and settlement of the Americas.
49749112	mestizos	A person of mixed Native American and European ancestry.
49749113	House of Burgesses	Early Virginia colonial democratic government.
49749114	Treaty of Tordesillas	Signed by Spain and Portugal, dividing the territories of the New World. Spain received the bulk of territory in the Americas, compensating Portugal with titles to lands in Africa and Asia.
49749115	Spanish Armada	Spanish fleet defeated in the English Channel in 1588. The defeat of the Armada marked the beginning of the decline of the Spanish Empire.
49749116	Act of Toleration	Maryland's grant of religious freedom to all Christians; all others, including atheists and Jews, could be executed.
49749553	Virginia Company	English joint-stock companies that financed the colonization of America.
49749554	Restoration	Reestablishment of Charles II as King of England in 1660.
49749555	black legend	False notion that Spanish conquerors did little but butcher the Indians and steal their gold in the name of Christ.