Biological Macromolecules Flashcards
Biol 1104 - Biosphere: Characteristics of Biological Macromolecules
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| 85371175 | Hydrocarbon - composition | C , H | |
| 85371176 | Hydrocarbon - function | Fossil fuels that power the modern world | |
| 85371177 | Hydrocarbon - examples | Methane, propane, petroleum | |
| 85371178 | Classes of Biological Macromolecules | Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids | |
| 85371179 | Polymers | Long chains composed of many monomers | |
| 85371180 | Dehydration Synthesis reactions | Links the monomers together (requires energy and releases water) | |
| 85371181 | Hydrolysis reactions | Remove monomers from the chain (requires energy and water) | |
| 85371182 | Carbohydrates - composition | C,H,O - Ratio CnH2nOn | |
| 85371183 | Carbohydrates - types | Monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide | |
| 85371184 | Monosaccharide - structure | Monomers - Simple sugars | |
| 85371185 | Monosaccharide - function | provide cells with energy | |
| 85371186 | Monosaccharide - examples | glucose, fructose, lactose | |
| 85371187 | Disaccharide - Structure | Composed of two monosaccharides | |
| 85371188 | Disaccharide - function | Provide cells with energy when hydrolyzed into monosaccharides | |
| 85371189 | Disaccharide - Examples | Sucrose, lactose | |
| 85371190 | Polysaccharide - structure | Polymer of monosaccharides | |
| 85371191 | Polysaccharide - examples | Glycogen, Starch, Cellulose | |
| 85371192 | Glycogen - Function | Short term energy storage in animals | |
| 85371193 | Starch - Function | Energy storage in plants | |
| 85371194 | Cellulose - Function | Main component of plant cell walls | |
| 85371195 | Lipids - Composition | C,H,O, sometimes P - ratio C>>O | |
| 85371196 | Lipids - Structure | Not true polymers - are nonpolar or have nonpolar regions | |
| 85371197 | Lipids - Examples | Fats, Steroids, Phospholipids | |
| 85371198 | Fats - Function | Long term energy storage | |
| 85371199 | Steroids - Function | Chemical messengers e.g. testosterone and estrogen | |
| 85371200 | Phospholipids - Function | Cell membrane structure | |
| 85371201 | Proteins - Composition | C, H, N, O, some have S | |
| 85371202 | Protein - General Structure | Polymer of amino acids | |
| 85371203 | Peptide Bond | Covalent bond that joins amino acids making polypeptides (proteins) | |
| 85371204 | Protein - primary structure | The sequence of amino acids that form the polypeptides | |
| 85371205 | Protein - secondary structure | The folding of the amino acid chain into coils (helices) and sheets | |
| 85371206 | Protein - tertiary structure | The folding of the coils and sheets into a more complex form | |
| 85371207 | Protein - quaternary structure | The interaction of two or more distinct polypeptides (not found in all proteins) | |
| 85371208 | Proteins - Examples | Enzymes, some hormones, antibodies, structural | |
| 85371209 | Enzymes - Function | Carry out biological chemical reactions | |
| 85371210 | Protein Hormones - Function | Cell to cell communication - e.g. insulin | |
| 85371211 | Antibodies - Function | Defend against infection | |
| 85371212 | Nucleic Acids - Composition | C, H, O, N, P | |
| 85371213 | Nucleic Acids - Structure | Polymer of Nucleotides | |
| 85371214 | Nucleotide - Structure | A phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base | |
| 85371215 | Nucleic Acids - nitrogenous bases | A (Adenine), G (Guanine), C (Cytosine), T (Thymine), U (Uracil) | |
| 85371216 | Nucleic Acids - Examples | DNA and RNA | |
| 85371217 | DNA - function | store information, transmit information to offspring | |
| 85371218 | RNA - function | synthesis of proteins and regulation of gene expression | |
| 85371219 | DNA - structure | double helix - sugar phosphate backbone with base pairs in the middle |