Brinkley Chapter 2, Section 1 (The Early Chesapeake) Flashcards
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| 880270535 | James I | Issued charter to Virginia Company to start a colony in America. Revoked it in 1624. | |
| 880270536 | Godspeed, Discovery, Susan Constant | ships that sailed to Jamestown | |
| 880270537 | 144 | number of men who left England for Jamestown | |
| 880270538 | 104 | number of men who reached Jamestown alive | |
| 880270539 | Jamestown (location) | peninsula extending into a river off the Chesapeake Bay; area including the territory of the Powhatan Indians | |
| 880270540 | Roanoke | earlier colony, colonists disappeared (either at the hands of Indians or Spanish). | |
| 880270541 | Jamestown (geography) | swampy and low lands, hot, humid, prone to malaria breakouts | |
| 880270542 | Jamestown colonists | were mostly gentlemen, didn't know how to farm, gather food, prone to disease | |
| 880270543 | Malaria | disease that plagued residents of Jamestown | |
| 880270544 | Agriculture | low priority to the Jamestown residents; thought they could borrow food from Indians | |
| 880270545 | gold | Textile residents of Jamestown looked for, failed to find | |
| 880270546 | women | not sent to Jamestown originally | |
| 880270547 | poor diets | compounded the colonist's affinity for catching disease | |
| 880270548 | John Smith | provided Jamestown with a leader, organized raids on Indians, revived colony. Later deported back to England | |
| 880270549 | 38 | number of men remaining after 1608 | |
| 880270550 | stocks | Virginia Company sold these to investors to bring in more money to the colony; in return, the investors would share in future profits. | |
| 880270551 | seven years | length of contract that required new colonists to stay and work | |
| 880270552 | 600 | number of people headed to Jamestown after its revitalization in 1609 | |
| 880270553 | "starving time" | worst winter in Jamestown: Indians attacked the village, killed livestock, trapped settlers in their fort | |
| 880270554 | Lord De La Warr | man who the colonists encountered right before giving up and returning to England; he was the new leader, sent by the king, and governed the people harshly by organizing them into working gangs and inflicting harsh punishments. | |
| 880270555 | Sir Thomas Dale | governor of Jamestown who repealed De La Warr's policies when he realized they were so ineffective that the colonists would rather not work | |
| 880270556 | Sir Thomas Dale | governor who implemented a system where colonists could buy plots of land, provided they contribute shares of their crop. | |
| 880270557 | "brown gold" | tobacco; after failing to find gold, the colonists realized the land they were living on was perfect for growing tobacco, the cash crop of the day | |
| 880270558 | John Rolfe | Virginian planter who planted and sold a harsher strand of tobacco; he went on to marry Pocahontas and to return to England | |
| 880270559 | "headright" system | system implemented to save Jamestown: settlers would receive 50 acres of land, encouraged families to migrate together; in return settlers owed a shilling each year to the Company | |
| 880270560 | House of Burgesses | local legislature that met in Jamestown church for the first time in 1619 | |
| 880270561 | European indentured servants | preferred slaves in Jamestown | |
| 880270562 | Sir Thomas Dale | led assault against Powhatan tribesmen | |
| 880270563 | George Calvert | first Lord of Baltimore; Catholic businessman, wanted to create a Catholic refuge; died before he received a charter | |
| 880270564 | Lord Baltimore | son of Calvert, made his dream of a colony in America a reality; received excellent charter that required only to pay a small annual fee in exchange for a huge piece of land | |
| 880270565 | Leonard Calvert | brother of Lord Baltimore, was appointed governor | |
| 880270566 | Maryland | this settlement was able to become friendly with the natives, trading food, learning techniques, and being provided with land and temporary shelter | |
| 880270567 | Protestants | outnumbered the Catholics, seized control, tried to ban Catholics from voting | |
| 880270568 | Catholics | would always be colony minority | |
| 880270569 | religious toleration | policy adopted by Calvert when he realized his Catholics would always be outnumbered | |
| 880270570 | Catholics vs. Protestants | opposing sides of the Maryland civil war that started in 1655 | |
| 880270571 | 17th century | when slaves began to be imported to Virginia and Maryland from Africa | |
| 880270572 | westward settling | caused increased tension and conflict with Indians | |
| 880270573 | Sir William Berkeley | governor appointed by King Charles I to Maryland; very popular governor, he explored west of Virginia, agreed to prohibit white settlement on Indian lands; eventually became a virtual autocrat | |
| 880270574 | Nathaniel Bacon | led Bacon's Rebellion. Was a part of the backcountry gentry, had many issues with Indians that Berkeley did not support, after raids he decided to lead a group of settlers against the Indians, attacking them viscously. Since this went against Berkeley's orders, they were declared rebels of the crown. Bacon briefly held the governorship; after being tricked by Berkeley he burned the city and died suddenly | |
| 880270575 | Bacon's Rebellion | showed the ability of the settlers to rebel against the crown, potential for political instability. |