APUSH-Brinkley Chapter 1 terms Flashcards

Brinkley Chapter 1 terms- The meeting of Cultures

883934728	tribal society	society of peoples that have political and social organization in a tribal way
883934729	mayans	a civilization based in south Mexico and northern central america, extremely intelligent
883934730	aztecs	a civilization based in central mexico, around modern Mexico city, ruled with an iron fist over tribes in mexico, harsh religion, but developed strong political/social/economic civilization amounting many riches
883934731	tenochtitlan	the capital city of the aztecs
883934732	cahokia	An Indian center for trade in 1200 A.D. that was once located near present-day St. Louis. Cahokia is an example of how advanced peoples had been in the Americas well before the arrival of the colonists in the early 1600's.
883934733	smallpox	an extremely deadly disease brought over by the europeans, eventually affecting 80-90% of natives in N/C/S America and killing them
883934734	treaty of tordesillas (1494)	signed in tordesillas, spain, this line demarcated the area in which spain and portugal held control in South america
883934735	conquistadores	leaders from spain who held licences from the king to obtain land and riches from the native peoples within the new world, main objectives were the three g's, gold, god, glory
883934736	adelantado	a title held by spanish nobles within the new world who were given permission to conquer land for the king in exchange for wealth and glory
883934737	encomienda	an economic system designed to exploit the native americans within new spain, using them as slave labor
883934738	Don Juan de Oñate	a governor, of a new mexico colony, crushed pueblo indian revolts before finally removed from his post
883934739	Pueblo	a native american tribe living in new mexico during the time of new spain, they were harrassed constantly by Don Juan de Oñate and his colony
883934740	Mestizos	a name for a person who is off mixed racial background, specifically, half spanish, half native american.
888931846	dutch west india company	chartered company (known as the "WIC") of Dutch merchants. Among its founding fathers was Willem Usselincx (1567-1647). On June 3, 1621, it was granted a charter for a trade monopoly in the West Indies (meaning the Caribbean) by the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands and given jurisdiction over the Atlantic slave trade, Brazil, the Caribbean, and North America.
888931847	enclosure movement	limited ability to cultivate land, required abled bodied beggers to work
888931848	merchant capitalism	developing cloth, (woolens) and industries and exotic goods
888931849	mercantilism	believe that worlds wealth is finite, ability to gain wealth is only by removing wealth from other places, extract as much wealth as possible, and do not give that wealth away
888931850	martin luther	a monk who believed that catholic church needed reform, created lutheranism
888931851	john calvin	another monk who also believed that the catholic church did not have the reforms that he believed made christianity pure, created his own reform named calvinism
888931852	Henry VIII	wanted divorce from his wife because she did not sire him a son, catholic church would not allow this, broke form catholic church and formed the Church of England, allowing him a divorce
888931853	English reformation	series of events in 16th century england by which the Church of England broke off form the Pope and the Roman Catholic church
888931854	calvinism	damnation/salvation predetermined, virtuous productive lives, defied catholic church
888931855	Church of England	abandoned rome but not laws and procedures, achieved political goal desired by king henry, similar to catholicism
888931856	seperatists	sects of christianity that did not follow either the Church of England or the Catholic church, these sects had demands to reform the Church of England or to at least be able to practice their sect freely
888931857	Elizabeth I	after sister mary, severed Rome tie again, reformed Church of England, and gave charter rights to Sir Raleigh, and Sir Gilbert
888931858	James I	Killed Sir Raliegh on belief of treason, gave rights to London/Plymouth charters to the New World
888931859	Plantation model of Colonialzation	settlers were planted in order to establish a permanent or semi-permanent colonial base
888931860	french fur trade	trade with native americans were very strong with french and became a very important part of the french economy
888931861	coureurs de bois	french canadian woodsmen who traded furs, i.e. beaver pelts, learning trades and practices of the native peoples of the area
888931862	Spanish Armada	the spanish navy, the most powerful and able in the world, though soundly defeated by the English navy during Phillip II Spanish armada invasion of England
888931863	Roanoke	Sir Walter Raleigh's first attempt at colonization, (modern day NC), eventually becoming the lost colony after, "disappearing from plain sight"