American History: A Survey chapt.6 Flashcards

27265406	Society of Cincinnati	A historic organization with branches in the United States and France founded in 1783 to preserve the ideals and fellowship of the Revolutionary War officers and to pressure the government to honor pledges it had made to officers who fought for American independence.
27265407	Alexander Hamilton	First Secretary of the Treasury, a Founding Father, economist, and political philosopher.
27265408	James Madison	Politician and political philosopher who served as the fourth President of the United States considered to be the "Father of the Constitution"
27265409	The Annapolis Convention	Interstate convention called by Virginia to discuss a uniform regulation of commerce with only 5 of the 13 states
27265410	The Virginia Plan	Number of delegates in Congress per state based upon that state's population.
27265411	New Jersey Plan	Each state has equal representation in Congress
27265412	"The Great Compromise"	Compromise between the New Jersey and Virginia plans in which two houses of Congress were created, one in which the number of delegates were decided by a state's population, the other in which each state had equal representation.
27265413	Three-Fifths Compromise	Compromise between northern and southern states in which 3/5 of the slave population was counted for the census
27265414	Checks and balances	Principle of government under which separate branches are empowered to prevent actions by other branches and are induced to share power
27265415	Separation of Powers	Division of the legislative, executive, and judicial functions of government
27265416	Washington's Farewell Address	Speech in which Washington advised against political parties and involvement in foreign affairs
27265417	Quasi War with France	Undeclared sea war fought between France and the U.S. between 1798 and 1800
27265418	XYZ Affair	Agents of French foreign minister Talleyrand demanded a $250,000 bribe from American delegates in exchange for a meeting with him
27265419	Alien and Sedition Acts	Acts designed to protect the United States from alien citizens of enemy powers and to stop seditious attacks from weakening the government. The Democratic-Republicans attacked them as being both unconstitutional and designed to stifle criticism of the administration
27265420	Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions	Political statements in favor of states' rights and Strict Constructionism written secretly by Vice President Thomas Jefferson and James Madison.
27265421	Federalists	Statesmen and public figures supporting the administrations of Presidents George Washington and John Adams, also called the Federalist Party, founded by Alexander Hamilton. It opposed the Democratic-Republican Party during the 1800s.
27265422	Anti-Federalists	A political philosophy in which the central governing authority of a nation should be equal or inferior to, but not having more power than, its sub-national states
27265423	The Federalist Papers	A series of 85 articles advocating the ratification of the United States Constitution.
27265424	The ratification process	It was required that conventions of nine of the thirteen original States ratify the constitution. Once word was received that the ninth state had ratified the constitution - New Hampshire, June 21, 1788 - a timetable was set for the start of operations under the Constitution, and on March 4, 1789, the government under the Constitution began operations.
27265425	The Judiciary Act of 1789	Congress provided for a Supreme Court of six members and a system of lower district courts and courts of appeal, also giving the Supreme Court the power to make the final decisions in cases involving the constitution or state laws.
27265426	Assumption of state debts	Plan by Hamilton meant to tie the states more securely to fed gov; created huge national debt
27265427	The Bank of the United States	Hamilton's Bill created this national establishment which produced heated debates about whether national government had authority to create it since this establishment wasn't mention in the constitution.
27265428	Hamilton's bank bill	Bill created by Hamilton to form America's first national bank
27265430	Whiskey Rebellion	Uprising of farmers in western Pennsylvania to protest a federal tariff on whiskey
27265431	Bill of Rights	The first 10 amendments to the constitution(ratified in 1791)
27265432	Jay's Treaty	Agreement between Britain and the US where Britain agreed to pay damages for US ships they had seized - in exchange the US would repay debits they owed to Britain
27265433	Pinckney's Treaty	Agreement between the United States and Spain that changed Florida's borders and reopened the port of New Orleans to American merchants
27265434	Revolution of 1800	First peaceful change of power between political parties. Federalists lost control of both Congress and the presidency
27265435	Aaron Burr	Served as the 3rd Vice President of the United States. Member of the Republicans and President of the Senate during his Vice Presidency. He was defamed by the press, often by writings of Hamilton. Challenged Hamilton to a duel in 1804 and killed him.
27265436	Midnight appointments	Adams signed the commissions for these Federal judges during his last night in office. Demonstrated the Federalists' last minute attempt to keep some power in the newly Republican Government.