Cells & Cell energetics Flashcards
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| 555750260 | eukaryote | A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles | |
| 555750261 | prokaryote | a single-celled organism that does not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles; examples are archaea and bacteria | |
| 555750262 | cell membrane | thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell | |
| 555750263 | cell wall | strong layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria | |
| 555750264 | chloroplast | organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy | |
| 555750265 | cytoplasm | a jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended | |
| 555750266 | golgi body | a structure in a cell that receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of the cell | |
| 555750267 | endoplasmic reticulum | a cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another | |
| 555750268 | mitochondria | Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production | |
| 555750269 | nucleus | a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction | |
| 555750270 | ribosome | small particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and protein | |
| 555750271 | vacuole | storage structures for food, water, minerals, waste | |
| 555750272 | organelle | A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell | |
| 555750273 | diffusion | the act of dispersing or diffusing something | |
| 555750274 | osmosis | diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane | |
| 555750275 | active transport | the movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy | |
| 555750276 | photosynthesis | process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches | |
| 555750277 | cellular respiration | process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen | |
| 555750278 | ATP Adenosine triphosphate | energy storing molecule in cells composed of an adenosine molecule, a ribose sugar and 3 phosphate groups energy is stored in the molecules chemical bonds and can be used quickly and easily by cells | |
| 555750279 | endosymbiosis | a mutually beneficial relationship in which one organism lives within another | |
| 555750282 | homeostasis | process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment | |
| 555750284 | krebs cycle | Produces molecules that carry energy to the second part of cellular respiration. | |
| 555750286 | glycolysis | first step in releasing the energy of glucose, in which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid | |
| 555750289 | calvin cycle | reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugars | |
| 555750291 | electron transport chain | a series of proteins in which the high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle are used to convert ADP into ATP | |
| 555750294 | fermentation | a chemical phenomenon in which an organic molecule splits into simpler substances |