Cells and Cell Energetics Flashcards

564656759	eukaryote	A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles. main cell type.
564656760	cell wall	strong layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria
564656761	golgi body	A structure in a cell that receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of the cell.
564656762	nucleus	a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction
564656763	organelle	A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell
564656764	active transport	the movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy
564656765	ATP - adenosine triphosphate	main energy source that cells use for most of their work
564656766	Krebs Cycle	second stage of cellular respiration, in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions
564656767	electron transport chain	a series of proteins in which the high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle are used to convert ADP into ATP
564656768	prokaryote	A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles. main cell type.
564656769	chloroplast	An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs
564656770	endoplasmic	Organelle that transports materials inside the cell.
564656771	reticulum	network; endoplasmic reticulum
564656772	ribosome	Site of protein synthesis
564656773	diffusion	the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
564656774	photosynthesis	process by which plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars
564656775	endosymbiosis	process by which eukaryotic cells may have evolved from small symbiotic prokaryotes that lived within other, larger host cells
564656776	glycolysis	the splitting in half of a glucose molecule; the first stage of cellular respiration and fermentation
564656777	fermetation	the break down of sugars to make ATP in the absence of oxygen
564656778	cell membrane	thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell
564656779	cytoplasm	The region of the cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus
564656780	mitochondria	Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production
564656782	osmosis	diffusion of water
564656783	cellular respiration	the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food
564656784	homeostasis	process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment
564656785	Calvin Cycle	a biochemical pathway of photosynthesis in which carbon dioxide is converted into glucose using ATP
568396112	vacuole	stores water and nutrients for the cell; very large in plant cells