Ch. 1 Intro: Themes in the Study of Life Flashcards

Biology
8th ed
Campell, Reece

235854592	evolution	Descent with modification; the change in the genetic composition of a population from generation to generation. [1.1]
235854593	biology	The scientific study of life. [1.1]
235854594	emergent properties	New properties that arise with each step upward in the hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases. [1.1]
235854595	levels of biological organization	Biosphere->Ecosystems->Communities->Populations->Organisms->Organ Systems->Organs->Tissues->Cells->Organelles->Molecules [1.1]
235854596	biosphere	All the environments of Earth that are inhabited by life. [1.1]
235854597	ecosystem	All living things in a particular area, along with all the nonliving components of the environment with which life interacts. [1.1]
235854598	communities	The entire array of organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem. [1.1]
235854599	populations	Consisting of all the individuals of a species living within the bounds of a specified area. [1.1]
235854600	organisms	Individual living things. [1.1]
235854601	organ systems	Team of organs that cooperate in a specific function, (ex) digestion. [1.1]
235854602	organs	These carry out a particular function of the body. [1.1]
235854603	tissue	A group of similar cells, usually making up a part of something bigger. [1.1]
235854604	cells	Life's fundamental unit of structure and function. [1.1]
235854605	organelles	The various functional components that make up cells. [1.1]
235854606	molecules	A chemical structure consisting of two or more small chemical units called atoms. [1.1]
235854607	systems biology	An approach to studying biology that aims to model the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems. [1.1]
235854608	eukaryotic cell	A type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles. [1.1]
235854609	prokaryotic cell	A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. [1.1]
235854610	DNA	A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule, consisting of nucleotide monomers with a deoxyribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T); capable of being replicated and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins. [1.1]
235854611	genes	A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses). [1.1]
235854612	genome	The genetic material of an organism or virus; the complete complement of an organism's or virus's genes along with its noncoding nucleic acid sequences. [1.1]
235854613	bioinformatics	The use of computers, software, and mathematical models to process and integrate biological information from large data sets. [1.1]
235854614	negative feedback	A primary mechanism of homeostasis, whereby a change in a physiological variable triggers a response that counteracts the initial change. [1.1]
235854615	positive feedback	A physiological control mechanism in which a change in a variable triggers mechanisms that amplify the change. [1.1]
235854616	domains	(1) A taxonomic category above the kingdom level. [1.2]
235854617	bacteria, archaea	The two prokaryotic domains. [1.2]
235854618	eukarya	Non prokaryotes belong in this domain. [1.2]
259507101	discovery science	The process of scientific inquiry that focuses on describing nature. [1.3]
259507102	inquiry	The search for information and explanation, often focused by specific questions. [1.3]
259507103	data	Recorded observations. [1.3]
259507104	inductive reasoning	A type of logic in which generalizations are based on a large number of specific observations. [1.3]
259507105	hypothesis	A tentative answer to a well-framed question, narrower in scope than a theory and subject to testing. [1.3]
259507106	deductive reasoning	A type of logic in which specific results are predicted from a general premise. [1.3]
259507107	controlled experiment	An experiment in which an experimental group is compared with a control group that varies only in the factor being tested. [1.3]
259507108	theory	An explanation that is broad in scope, generates new hypotheses, and is supported by a large body of evidence. [1.3]
259507109	model	A representation of a theory of process. [1.3]
259507110	technology	The application of scientific knowledge for a specific purpose, often involving industry or commerce but also including uses in basic research. [1.3]