America: A Narrative History, 8 Brief Edition

America: A Narrative History, 8 Brief Edition - Chapter 9 Flashcards

414671793	"Revolution of 1800"	First time that an American political party surrendered power to the opposition party; Jefferson, a Democratic-Republican, had defeated incumbent Adams, a Federalist, for president.
414671794	Marbury v. Madison	(1803) First U.S. Supreme Court decision to declare a federal law-the Judiciary Act of 1801-unconstitutional; President John Adams's "midnight appointment'' of Federalist judges prompted the suit.
414671795	Barbary pirates	Plundering pirates off the Mediterranean coast of Africa; President Thomas Jefferson's refusal to pay them tribute to protect American ships sparked an undeclared naval war with North African nations, 1801-1805.
414671796	Louisiana Purchase	President Thomas Jefferson's 1803 purchase from France of the important port of New Orleans and 828,000 square miles west of the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains; it more than doubled the territory of the United States at a cost of only $15 million.
414671797	Lewis and Clark	Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, the leaders of the "Corps of Discovery", a government funded a mapping and scientific expedition to the Far Northwest beyond the Mississippi River.
414671798	Zebulon Pike	Early Nineteenth Century explorer who investigated the upper regions of the Mississippi River Valley, the Arkansas River headwaters in Colorado, and parts of New Mexico.
414671799	Essex Junto	Under the leadership of Senator Thomas Pickering, a group of ardent Massachusetts Federalists who considered seceding from the Union.
414671800	Aaron Burr	New York Senator, Thomas Jefferson's Vice-President, and archrival of Alexander Hamilton. He is best known for the duel between himself and Hamilton, which resulted in Hamilton's death.
414671801	Tertium Quid	Literally, the "third something'': states' rights and strict constructionist Republicans under John Randolph who broke with President Thomas Jefferson but never managed to form a third political party.
414671802	Yazoo Fraud	Illegal sale of the Yazoo lands (much of present-day Alabama and Mississippi) by Georgia legislators; by 1802 it had become a tangle of conflicting claims that the U.S. Supreme Court settled in Fletcher v. Peck (1810).
414671803	Fletcher v. Peck	(1810) U.S. Supreme Court decision in which Chief Justice John Marshall upheld the initial fraudulent sale contracts in the Yazoo Fraud cases; Congress paid $4.2 million to the original speculators in 1814.
414671804	Burr conspiracy	Scheme by Vice-President Aaron Burr to lead the secession of the Louisiana Territory from the United States; captured in 1807 and charged with treason, Burr was acquitted by the U.S. Supreme Court.
414671805	Embargo Act of 1807	Attempt to exert economic pressure instead of waging war in reaction to continued British impressment of American sailors; smugglers easily circumvented the embargo, and it was repealed two years later.
414671806	James Madison	"Father of the Constitution," Federalist leader, and fourth President of the United States.
414671807	War of 1812	Fought with Britain, 1812-14, over lingering conflicts that included impressment of American sailors, interference with shipping, and collusion with Northwest Territory Indians; settled by the Treaty of Ghent in 1814.
414671808	Tecumseh	Shawnee leader who attempted to unite Indians in their struggle against the onslaught of settlers taking over their lands.
414671809	William Henry Harrison	Governor of the Indiana Territories who became a national hero after the Battle of Tippecanoe. The last Whig President, he was also the first to die in office (of pneumonia).
414671810	Battle of Tippecanoe	On November 7, 1811, Indiana governor William Henry Harrison (later president) defeated the Shawnee Indians at the Tippecanoe River in northern Indiana; victory fomented war fever against the British, who were believed to be aiding the Indians.
414671811	Fort McHenry	Fort in Baltimore Harbor unsuccessfully bombarded by the British in September 1814; Francis Scott Key, a witness to the battle, was moved to write the words to "The Star-Spangled Banner".
414671812	Andrew Jackson	The ninth President of the United States. He represented Tennessee as a Congressman and Senator, and as a major-general he defeated the British at New Orleans in the War of 1812.
414671813	Battle of New Orleans	Last battle of the War of 1812, fought on January 8, 1815, weeks after the peace treaty was signed but prior to its ratification; General Andrew Jackson led the victorious American troops.
414671814	Treaty of Ghent	Meeting of American and British delegates in the Flemish city Ghent bringing an official end to the War of 1812.
414671815	Hartford Convention	Meeting of New England Federalists on December 15, 1814, to protest the War of 1812; proposed seven constitutional amendments (limiting embargoes and changing requirements for officeholding, declaration of war, and admission of new states), but the war ended before Congress could respond.