AP Biology Ch. 8 Intro to Metabolism Flashcards
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| 282238750 | Metabolism | The totality of an organism's chemical reactions | |
| 282238751 | Metabolic Pathway | A series of chemical reactions that either builds a complex molecule (anabolic pathway) or breaks down a complex molecule into simpler compounds (catabolic pathway). | |
| 282238752 | Breaking bonds between molecules | - hydrolysis- adding water - digestion - catabolic reations | |
| 282238753 | Catabolic Reactions | - Releases energy - Breaks down molecules - "downhill" reaction - Cellular respiration - Requires enzymes to catalyze reactions | |
| 282238754 | Forming bonds between molecules | - dehydration synthesis - take water out - synthesis - anabolic reactions | |
| 282238755 | Anabolic Reactions | - Consumes energy - Build up larger molecules - "uphill" reaction - Photosynthesis - Requires enzymes to catalyze reactionns | |
| 282238756 | Energy | The compacity to cause change | |
| 282238757 | Kinetic Energy | The relative motion of objects. Moving objects can perform work by imparting motion to other matter | |
| 282238758 | Heat, or thermal energy | Kinetic energy associated with the random movement of atoms or molecules | |
| 282238759 | Potential Energy | Energy that matter possesses because of its location of structure | |
| 282238760 | Chemical energy | Term used for biologist to refer to the potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction | |
| 282238761 | Free energy | Measures the portion of a systems energy that can perform work when temperature and pressure are uniform △G | |
| 282238762 | Exergonic | - release energy - digest polymers - hydrolysis (add water) = catabolism - spontaneous, -△G | |
| 282238763 | Endergonic | - input energy - build polymers - dehydration synthesis (removing water) = anabolic - +△G | |
| 282238764 | Where does the energy required to live come from? | Coupling exergonic reactions (release energy) with endergonic reactions (needing energy) | |
| 282434148 | Thermodynamics | study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter | |
| 282434149 | First Law of Thermodynamics aka principle of conservation of energy | Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed | |
| 282434150 | Second Law of Thermodynamics | Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe | |
| 282434151 | △G = △H - T△S | The change in free energy. - △H = total energy - △S = change in systems entropy - T = absolute temperature in Kelvin units (K = C + 273) | |
| 282434152 | △G < 0 | A negative △G means that the process is spontaneous |