APUSH Chapter 9 Flashcards

APUSH Chapter 9

1020486260	Society of Cincinatti	hereditary order where people could trace lineage back to precolonial times. ppl hated it for promoting hierarchy
1020486261	Primogeniture	only first born sons could inherit property, bc desire for equality, it was abolished.
1020486262	Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom	removed the Anglican Church b/c resetment for England. 1786, Jefferson, replaced with Episcopal
1020486263	Abigail Adams	John Adams' wife joked that ladies would eventually rebel if they received no political rights, 1776
1020486264	Civic virtue	Democracy's wellbeing depended on how seriously they take the government band how much they contribute/sacrifice
1020486265	Republican motherhood	women/mothers' role in society is very important because it helps people become educated + good citizens. instill republican virtues
1020486266	fundamental law	documents/legislation that is engraved in stone, resistant to social change
1020486267	Articles of Confederation	Primitive version of the constitution passed by the Second Continental Congress on 1776-77, loose union of colonies, linked for action in common problems + foreign affairs.
1020486268	Land Ordinance/Old Northwest 1785	passed so that states wouldn't unfairly gain territory. the land located in Old Northwest was to be sold for the benefit of the national government, make NEW states out of them, divided into grids.
1020486269	Northwest Ordinance 1787	says that any of these territories start out inferior, but as their population grows, they can become a full fledged state and get the same benefits. 60,000 ppl
1020486270	John Jay	secretary for foreign affairs hoped that hostility/exclusion of Americans would humiliate them into forming a stronger government, command respect abroad.
1020486271	Shay's Rebellion	armed uprising of poor war veterans and farmers who were directly impacted by inflation + taxes, wanted paper money, less taxes and no more property takeovers
1020486272	3/5 compromise	the North decreed that slaves were not citizens, but in the South said yes, so in a compromise, slaves were considered 3/5 of a person when voting.
1020486273	Checks and balances	the three branches of government can limit each other's power, or "check" it to create a balance of power.
1020486274	Supreme Law of the Laand	when a colony ratifies the Constitution, they must respect it as the highest authority in all matters, hence the name
1020486275	Antifederalists	were people, usually poor, in the states of Rhode Island, Virginia, New York, and North Carolina, who favored the Articles of Confederation and a weaker republican government, people have more say. Took a long time for these states to ratify the Constitution.
1020486276	Federalists	included richer states and people like George Washington who wanted to create a stronger government, in favor of Constitution, conservative
1020549033	James Madison/Father of the Constitution	took minutes of Philadelphia Convention. Student of government. He helped instigate a national convention to "rewrite" the Articles of Confederation, wrote Federalist No. 10
1020549034	Alexander Hamilton	wanted an aristocratic government for the American people called upon delegates to participate in Philadelphia Convention, rhetorical advertisings of aristocratic plans.
1020549035	the large-state plan (Virginia plan)	state representative should be based on population, favored big states like Virginia
1020549036	the small-state plan (New Jersey plan)	each state should have equal representation regardless of size, jealousy + suspicious of large states ganging up on smaller ones
1020549037	Great Compromise	large states had population-baed representation in the House of Representatives, smaller states equal in the Senate. Each state held 2. Every tax+bill must originate in the House.
1020549038	Bundle of compromises	nearly every aspect of the constitution resulted from "compromises" made from the men who drafted it. Evident.
1020549039	Electoral College	each states' number of electors equals their senates, group selected to vote for the President
1020549040	Why was the American Revolution not a revolution but an "accelerated revolution"?	The American Revolution didn't do a complete 180, no new social order radical change came about it. was a war that was waiting to happen anyway, only social ideas "took root". no one actually cared about the war outside of front lines
1020549041	How was equality pursued in America in the aftermath of the American Revolution?...	in the aftermath, Americans trued to usher in ideas of equality by allowing religious freedom, abolishing slavery in the North. for a very short while giving women the right to vote and eliminating property holders statuses some- no hierarchy. everyone addressed as Mr. Mrs. Boss, not master.
1020549042	Why did the colonies have to write constitutions during the revolution? Who asked them to do this? Which branch of government dominated these governments and why? What did Massachusetts do that was unique in ratifying its constitution?...	The Continental Congress asked people to write constitutions during the revolution because they wanted power to rest directly in the people's hands. the most powerful gov branch was the legislative because they kept electing new people to go with the status quo.Mass. was unique in letting people approve constitution before ratifying it. couldn't tax, but fought a war, but no real power. itself had no constitution.
1020549043	What economic problems did the states have immediately after the revolution and what caused these problems?...	Afterwards, the states were poor because they had no one to trade with. People + country owed too many debts to countries, couldn't keep up. Paper money, inflation, property tax, tariffs, profeering, ppl who in charge high high fee, scarce amt
1020549044	Why was it difficult for the states to form a union immediately after the revolution?...	it was difficult for the states to form union because they were jealous of each other, no more "common cause" to fight for, distrust of authority
1020549045	What was the articles of Confederation and when and why was it created?...	The Articles of Confederation was America's first constitution. 13 states were to bond over economics and foreign affairs, etc. 1776-77, created to solve problems of disunity because colonies acting like sep. countries
1020549046	What was the chief problem the Articles of Confederation faced at its reation and how was it resolved?...	The chief problem that the Articles of Confederation faced was that it was too weak and did not enforce commerce, taxation and navigation affairs. (no executive branch but called for one??), somewhat organized, majority vote, weak, no navigation
1020549047	mobocracy	derogative term for people who take republicanism too far and are willing to rebel and fight for EVERYTHING. disorder/people are greedy
1020549048	George Washington	exerted his influence, through reputation, to calm the fighting that would have went on during the signing of the Constitution. Zeal to do better
1020549049	Benjamin Franklin	helped out in writing/drafting but got senile and had to let other, younger officials take over
1020549050	Explain the Articles of Confederation. What powers did it have and hat were its strengths and weaknesses?...	The Articles of Confederation was a loose constitution that Americans adopted to create a republican government. Strength- drew votes from people, solidified states but could not regulate trade or navigation or commerce. league of friends but could settle claims, no executive or judicial branch, cant tax
1020549051	What was the Northwest Territory, the Land Ordinance of 1785, and the Northwest Ordinance of 1787?...	The Northwest Territory was an area that was given to the Americans around Ohio Valley but was never settled. The Land Ordinance permitted that land to be sold for "the good of the country", 1785. the Northwest Ordinance said that any area w/ a population of 60,000 would be admitted into the Union as a full state, otherwise they were subordinate.
1020549052	What foreign relations difficulties duid the US experience under the A of C?...	British cut off trade, French hostile, Spain too, British still ared Indians did not evacuate forts, but we didn't repay persecuted Loyalists. Pirates in the Mediterraneon bc wo protection of the navy--->tripoli
1020549053	What difficulties and quarrels did the states experienec during the 1780s that convinced many people that the national government needed to be strengthened?...	Because the states were so disjointed, states were jealous of each other and taxed rampantly, inflation, poor and government had no power to defend itself, how do they defend states+enforce law? Shay's Rebellion. tried to overthrow Massachusetts gov
1020549054	what was the constitutional convention? why and where did it meet and who was there and who was not there?...	The Constitutional Convention was a meeting held in Philadelphia with 55 members, who wanted to form a stronger government. Madison, Washington, Hamilton, and Franklin were. all other founding fathers not present, John Adams, important, lot of ppl missing.
1020549055	Explain the powers of the Constitution and why it is referred to as a bundle of promises...	The Constitution held every state accountable for voting, it was referred to as a bundle of compromises because each delecate wanted one policy, ended up giving it up. 3 branches of government, large states in House Rep, small in Senate, counting votes etc [Electoral college], 3/5 promises, south wanted representation but didn't want to fully acknowledge Blacks as 1 whole person
1020575167	What conservative safeguards were built into the Constitution?	Checks and balances, electoral college where ppl voted for the President indirectly, senators chosen by state, House of Rep chosen by people, President limited by gov/legislature, judgest for life, free to rule.
1020575168	Who were the the Federalists and Antifederalists?	Federalists wanted a centralized government, a constitution. Anti-Federalists, wanted to remain a republic, no constitution, Articles of Confederation.
1020575169	16. How many states reluctantly ratified the Constitution?	4 of them, New Jersey, North Carolina, Virginia, Rhode Island, didnt want to because there wasnt a bill of rights, not because they wanted to but because they had to survive
1020575170	18. Why is the ratification of the Constitution considered a conservative triumph?	conservative leaned towards old ways, which favored a centralized more aristocratic form of government. liberals wanted a weaker gov, didn't get what they wanted, lost
1020897045	Strengths of the Articles of Confederation	1 To declare war and make peace. 2 To coin and borrow money 3 To detail with foreign countries and sign treaties 4 To operate post offices
1020897046	Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation	1 The national government could not force the states to obey its laws. 2 It did not have the power to tax 3 It did not have the power to enforce laws 4 Congress lacked strong and steady leadership 5 There was no national army or navy 6 There was no system of national courts 7 Each state could issue its own paper money 8 Each state could put tariffs on trade between states. (A tariff is a tax on goods coming in from another state or country.)