Mitosis Flashcards

The primary result of mitosis is the transferring of the parent cell's genome into two daughter cells. These two cells are identical and do not differ in any way from the original parent cell. Mitosis occurs in our heart, liver, brain, skin, blood and more. Why is Mitosis so important?

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1019581046	interphase	The name applied to the normal lifetime and metabolic activity of any cell based on the unchanging appearance of the nucleus during this period and followed by the stages of cell division; in the cell cycle it is subdivided into Growth1, S (DNA synthesis), and Growth2 subphases.
1019581047	prophase	The first stage of mitosis (or meiosis) during which the DNA (chromatin configuration) of the cell begins the process of supercoiling to become visible chromosomes, the centrioles move toward the poles of the cell and the nuclear membrane begins to disappear
1019581048	metaphase	The second stage of mitosis (or meiosis) during which the visible chromosomes (maximally supercoiled DNA) line up at the center to form the metaphase or equitorial plate and the spindle apparatus completes its formation and attachment to the chromosomes.
1019581049	anaphase	The third stage of mitosis (or meiosis) during which the chromosomes are moved away from the metaphase or equitorial plate by the spindle fibers and move toward the centrioles at the opposite poles.
1019581050	telophase	The final stage of mitosis (or meiosis) during which the chromosomes of daughter cells have completed their movement toward the poles by the action of the nuclear spindle fibers and new daughter nuclei form; during telophase the chromosomes relax into their chromatin configuration and new nuclear membranes form around them.
1019581051	cytokinesis	Two new nuclei form. Chromosomes appear as chromatin. Mitosis ends.
1019581052	mitosis	Cell division in which the nucleus divides into two nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes with an end result of two identical cells.
1019581053	nucleus	a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction
1019581054	spindle fibers	Special microtubules made of proteins which connect to centromeres and pull apart chromosomes.
1019581055	sexual reproduction	A mode of reproduction involving the fusion of female gamete (egg) and male gamete (sperm), which forms a fertilized cell that potentially develops into genetically distinct offspring.
1019581056	meiosis	A type of cellular reproduction in which the number of chromosomes are reduced by half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell. The process that creates sex cells (eggs and sperm).
1019581057	asexual Reproduction	A reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent.
1019581058	DNA replication	Process by which DNA is copied in a cell before a cell divides by mitosis, meiosis, or binary fission
1019581059	parent cell	any cell which divides by either mitosis or meiosis, followed by cytokinesis, to produce two or more daughter cells
1019581060	daughter cells	those cells, usually tow in number, which are produced when a parent cell divides by either mitosis or meiosis, followed by cytokinesis
1019581061	chromatin	Combination of DNA and proteins that constitutes chromosomes. Sometimes used to refer to diffuse and very extended form taken by chromosomes when a eukaryotic cell isn't dividing.
1019581062	chromosomes	A threadlike, gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.
1019581063	centromere	The most condensed and constricted region of a chromosome, to which the microtubular spindle fiber is attached during mitosis or meiosis; it is also the point on the chromosome where the daughter chromatids are attached to one another; its location varies among different chromosomes in terms of its position along the length of the chromosome.
1019581064	mitotic spindle	The diamond-shaped or fusiform = spindle-shaped cytoskeletal structure characteristic of a dividing cell, consisting of microtubules, some of which become attached to each chromosome at its centromere and provide the mechanism for chromosomal movement; in most animal cells, its formation begins at a centriole. aka - nuclear spindle.
1019581065	metaphase plate = equatorial plane	An imaginary plane, perpendicular to the spindle fibers of a dividing cell, along which chromosomes align in a tight cluster during the second phase of mitosis, metaphase.
1019581066	equatorial division	The typical pattern of cell division in which the formation of the new cell membrane which will divide the daughter cells in the process of cytokinesis forms along the same dimension or axis as did the metaphase plate during nuclear division.
1019581067	cytokinesis	The division of the cytoplasm of a cell, usually into roughly equal proportions, following the division of the nucleus by mitosis or meiosis to produce to separate daughter cells; in animal cells, it is also called cleavage; at the molecular level, the pinching in of the cytoplasm is achieved by the movements of the cytoskeletal elements powered by ATP hydrolysis
1019581068	cleavage furrow	The pattern of cytokinesis observed in most animal cells in which elements of the cytoskeleton slide in the plane of the metaphase plate slowly pulling the cell membrane inward, creating an appearance of the outer membrane pinching in, to separate the cytoplasm of the mother cell into the two daughter cells; at the molecular level, the pinching in of the cytoplasm is achieved by the movements of the cytoskeletal elements powered by ATP hydrolysis.
1019581069	cell cycle	A description of the time course and events in the life of typical cells, divided into four stages, Growth 1, S Phase (DNA synthesis), Growth 2, and cell division (mitosis or meiosis followed by cytokinesis).
1019581070	G1 = Growth 1	The first portion of the cell cycle before DNA synthesis is begun, usually the longest portion of the cell cycle, during which the cell grows to its mature size and begins to carry out its specific metabolic activities.
1019581071	S-phase = Synthesis phase	The second portion of the cell cycle during which DNA synthesis occurs, usually the shortest portion of the cell cycle; the DNA synthesis which occurs produces copies of all the chromosomes in the nucleus to prepare the cell for a future cell division (mitosis or meiosis followed by cytokinesis).
1019581072	G2 = Growth 2	The third portion of the cell cycle which takes place after DNA synthesis is complete and before nuclear and then cytoplasmic division begin; G2 is of variable length depending on cell type