Friedland APES Chapter 5 Flashcards
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| 216518772 | Ecosystem Diversity | the variety of ecosystems within a given region | |
| 216518773 | Species Diversity | the variety of species within a given ecosystem | |
| 216518774 | Genetic Diversity | the variety of genes within a given species | |
| 216518775 | Species Richness | the number of species in a given area | |
| 216518776 | Species Evenness | the relative proportion of different species in a given area | |
| 216518777 | Phylogenies | the branching patterns of evolutionary relationships | |
| 216518778 | Evolution | a change in the genetic composition of a population over time | |
| 216518779 | Microevolution | evolution occurring below the species level | |
| 216518780 | Macroevolution | evolution that gives rise to new species, genera, families, classes or phyla | |
| 216518781 | Genotype: | the complete set of genes in an individual | |
| 216518782 | Mutation | a random change in the genetic code produced by a mistake in the copying process | |
| 216518783 | Recombination | process by which one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome during reproductive cell division | |
| 216518784 | Phenotype | a set of traits expressed by an individual | |
| 216518785 | Artificial Selection | a breeder chooses to perpetuate certain desirable inheritable traits in a plant or animal | |
| 216518786 | Natural Selection | survival of a species due to it being most suited to the environment | |
| 216518787 | Fitness | an individual's ability to survive and reproduce | |
| 216518788 | Adaptation | a trait that improves an individual's fitness | |
| 216518789 | Genetic Drift | a change in the genetic composition of a population over time as a result of random mating | |
| 216518790 | Bottleneck Effect | a reduction in the genetic diversity of a population caused by a reduction in its size | |
| 216518791 | Founder Effect | a change in a population descended from a small number of colonizing individuals | |
| 216518792 | Geographic Isolation | physical separation of a group of individuals from others of the same species | |
| 216518793 | Reproductive Isolation | two populations within a species evolving separately so they can no longer interbreed and produce viable offspring | |
| 216518794 | Allopatric Speciation | the process of speciation that occurs with geographic isolation | |
| 216518795 | Sympatric Speciation | the evolution of one species into two, without geographic isolation | |
| 216518796 | Genetic Engineering | direct manipulation of genetic material in order to alter the hereditary traits of a cell, organism, or population | |
| 216518797 | Genetically Modified Organisms | an organism produced by copying genes from a species with a desirable trait and inserting them into another species | |
| 216518798 | Range of Tolerance | the limits to the abiotic conditions that a species can tolerate | |
| 216518799 | Fundamental Niche | ideal environmental conditions for a species | |
| 216518800 | Realized Niche | range of abiotic and biotic conditions under which a species actually lives | |
| 216518801 | Distribution | areas of the world in which a species live | |
| 216518802 | Niche Generalists | a species that can live under a wide range of abiotic or biotic conditions | |
| 216518803 | Niche Specialists | a species that is specialized to live in a specific habitat or to feed on a small group of species | |
| 216518804 | Mass Extinction | a large extinction of a species in a relatively short period of time |