Chapter 6 Memory Flashcards
Professor - Hillary Greene
Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
Fall 2013
Terms : Hide Images [1]
| 977767230 | What is Memory | an active system that recieves information from the senses, puts that information into a usable form, and organizes it as it stores it away, and then retrieves the information form storage | |
| 977767231 | The first process of memory is | Encoding | |
| 977767232 | Encoding is... | the set of mental operations that people perform on sensory information to convert that information into a form that is suable in the brain's storage systems | |
| 977767233 | The second step of memory is ... | Stoarge | |
| 977767234 | Storage is... | holding onto information for some period of time | |
| 977767235 | The third step of memory is... | Retrieval | |
| 977767236 | Retrieval is... | getting information that is in storage into a form that can be used | |
| 977767237 | Information-processing model... | model of momory that assumes the processing of information for memory storage is similar to the way a computer processes momory in a series of three stages | |
| 977767238 | Parallel distributed processing (PDP) model | a model of memory in which memory processes are proposed to take place at the same time over a large network of neural connections | |
| 977767239 | Levels-of-processing model | model of memory that assumes information that is more deeply processed or processed according to its meaning rather than just the sound of physical characteristics of the word or words, will be remembered more efficiently and for a longer period of time. | |
| 977767240 | Three-Stage process of memory is | 1. Sensory Memory 2. Short-term memory 3. Long-term memory | |
| 977767241 | Sensory memory | the first stage of memory, the point at which information enters the nervous system through the sensory systems | |
| 977767242 | Iconic Memory | visual sensory memory, lasting only a fraction of a second | |
| 977767243 | Eidetic Imagery | the ability to access a visual memory for 30 seconds or more. "Photographic Memory" | |
| 977767244 | Echoic Memory | the brief memory of something a person has heard. Lasts about 2-4 seconds | |
| 977767245 | Short-Term Memory (STM) | the memory system in which information is held for brief periods of time while being used | |
| 977767246 | Selective attention | the ability to focus on only one stimulus from among all sensory input | |
| 977767247 | Working Memory | an active system that processes the information in short-term memory | |
| 977767248 | Chunking | when bits of information are combined into meaningful units (or chunks) more information can be held in STM | |
| 977767249 | Maintenance rehearsal | practice of saying some information to be remembered over and over in one's head in order to meaintain it in STM | |
| 977767250 | Long-Term Memeory (LTM) | the system of memeory into which allt he information is placed to be kept more or less permanently | |
| 977767251 | Elaborative Rehearsal | a method of transferring information form STM into LTM by making that information meaningful in some way | |
| 977767252 | Procedural (Nondeclarative) LTM | type of LTM including memory for skills, procedures, habits and conditioned responses. These memories are not conscious but are implied to exist because they affect conscious behavior | |
| 977767253 | Anterograde Amnesia | loss of memeory from the point of injury or trauma forward or the inablity to form new LTM's | |
| 977767254 | Implicit Memory | memory that is not easily brought into conscious awareness, such as prcedural memory | |
| 977767255 | Declarative LTM | type of LTM dcontaining information that is conscious and known | |
| 977767256 | Semantic Memory | type of declarative memory containing general knowledge, such as knowledge of language and information learned in formal education | |
| 977767257 | Episodic Memory | type of declarative memory containing personal information not readily available to others, such as daily activities and events | |
| 977767258 | Explicit Memory | memory that is consciously known, such as declarative memory | |
| 977767259 | Semantic Network Model | model of memory organization that assumes information is stored in the brain in a connected fashion, with concepts that are related stored physically closer to each other than concepts taht are not highly related | |
| 977767260 | Retrieval cue | a stimulus for remembering | |
| 977767261 | Encoding Specificity | the tendency for memory of information to be imporved if related information (such as surronding or physiological state) that is available when the memory is first formed is also available wht the memory is being retrieved. | |
| 977767262 | Recall | type of memory retrieval in which the information to be retrieved must be 'pulled' from memory with very few external cues | |
| 977767263 | Recognition | the ability to match a piece of information or a stimulus to a stored image or fact | |
| 977767264 | Serial position effect | tendency of information at the beginning and end of a body of information to be rmemebered more accurately than informatoin in the middle of the body of information |