Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception Flashcards

917124993	Sensation	The sense organs' detection of external stimuli, their responses to the stimuli, and the transmission of these responses to the brain
917124994	Perception	The processing, organization, and interpretation of sensory signals; it results in an internal representation of the stimulus
917124995	Transduction	A process by which sensory receptors produce neural impulses when they receive physical or chemical stimulation
917124996	Signal detection theory (SDT)	A theory of perception based on the idea that the detection of a faint stimulus requires a judgment -it is not an all-or-none process
917124997	Sensory adaption	A decrease in sensitivity to a constant level of stimulation
917124998	Gustation	The sense of taste
917124999	Taste buds	Sensory organs in the oral cavity that contain the receptors for taste
917125000	Olfaction	The sense of smell
917125001	Olfactory epithelium	A thin layer of tissue, within the nasal cavity, that contains the receptors for smell
917125002	Olfactory bulb	The brain center for smell, located below the frontal lobes
917125003	Haptic sense	The sense of touch
917125004	Audition	Hearing; the sense of sound perception
917125005	Sound wave	A pattern of changes in air pressure during a period of time; it produces the percept of a sound
917125006	Eardrum	A thin membrane that marks the beginning of the middle ear; sound waves cause it to vibrate
917125007	Cornea	The clear outer covering of the eye
917125008	Retina	The thin inner surface of the back of the eyeball; it contains the photoreceptors that transduce light into neural signals
917125009	Pupil	The small opening in the eye; it lets in light waves
917125010	Iris	The colored muscular circle on the surface of the eye; it changes shape to let in more or less light
917125011	Rods	Retinal cells that respond to low levels of illumination and result in black-and-white perception
917125012	Cones	Retinal cells that respond to higher levels of illumination and result in color perception
917125013	Fovea	The center of the retina, where cones are densely packed
917125014	Subtractive color mixing	A process of color mixing that occurs within the stimulus itself; a physical, not psychological, process
917125015	Additive color mixing	A process of color mixing that occurs when different wavelengths of light interact within the eye's receptors; a psychological process
917125016	Kinesthetic sense	Perception of the positions in space and movements of our bodies and our limbs
917125017	Vestibular sense	Perception of balance
917125018	Blindsight	A condition in which people who are blind have some spared visual capacities in the absence of any visual awareness
917125019	Bottom-up processing	A hierarchical model of pattern recognition in which data are relayed from one level of mental processing to the next, always moving to a higher level of processing
917125020	Top-down processing	A hierarchical model of pattern recognition in which information at higher levels of mental processing can also influence lower, "earlier" levels in the processing hierarchy
917125021	Binocular depth cues	Cues of depth perception that arise from the fact that people have two eyes
917125022	Monocular depth cues	Cues of depth perception that are available to each eye alone
917125023	Binocular disparity	A depth cue; because of the distance between a person's eyes, each eye receives a slightly different retinal image
917125024	Convergence	A cue of binocular depth perception; when a person views a nearby object, the eye muscles turn the eyes inward
917125025	Perceptual constancy	Correctly perceiving objects as constant in their shape, size, color, and lightness, despite raw sensory data that could mislead perception