Psychology Themes and Variations 9e Chapter 3 Flashcards

1031651941	neurons	cells in the nervous system that receive integrate and transmit information
1031651942	soma	cell body of a neuron that contains the nucleus and chemical machinery common to most cells
1031651943	dendrite	part of the neuron that receives information
1031651944	axon	long thin fiber that transmits signals away from the soma to other neurons muscles or glands
1031651945	myelin sheath	insulates the axons ensuring that the messages transmit at higher speeds, loss of the sheath is a loss of muscle control; babies or those with MS
1031651946	terminal buttons	knobs that release chemicals called neurotransmitters
1031651947	neurotransmitters	chemicals that activates neighboring neurons
1031651948	synapse	junction when information is transmitted to and from neurons
1031651949	gila	support for neurons like glue
1031651950	resting potential	stable negative charge that a neuron is in when in active
1031651951	action potential	when positive ions rush through the gate and the neuron is momentarily positively charged, how the neurons send a signal
1031651952	absolute refectory period	the dip behind an action potential in which a another action potential can not happen thus keeping all action potentials going the same directions
1031651953	synaptic cleft	gap between the terminal button and the cell membrane of another neuron
1031651954	post synaptic potential	after a lot of synapses it creates a voltage change at the receptor at the post synaptic cell membrane
1031651955	reuptake	the process of the neurotransmitters are sponged up by the presynaptic membrane
1031651956	endorphins	internally produced chemical that resembles opiates in structure and effect
1031651957	peripheral nervous system	nerves that lie outside the brain or spinal cord
1031651958	nerves	bundle of axons that are routed together in the peripheral nervous system
1031651959	somatic nervous system	connect voluntary skeletal muscles to sensory receptors
1031651960	afferent nerve fiber	carry information into the central nervous system from the periphery body
1031651961	efferent nerve fibers	axons that carry information from the central nervous system to the periphery body
1031651962	autonomic nervous system	nerves that connect heart; blood vessels; smooth muscles and glads.
1031651963	sympathetic division	fight or flight response, mobilizes the body's resources for emergencies
1031651964	central nervous system	connects the brain to the spinal cord
1031651965	spinal cord	connects the brain to the body through the peripheral system base of the brain to the middle of the waist
1031651966	lesioning	destroying a piece of the brain, done to research the brain in animals
1031651967	electric stimulation of the brain	sending a current through the brain to activate it
1031651968	hindbarin	includes cerebellum and the brain stem [the medulla and the pons]
1031651969	medulla	attaches the brain and spinal cord; controls breathing maintaining muscle tone and regulating circulation
1031651970	pons	relays infro for RF and cerebellum
1031651971	cerebellum	located in the back of the brain; coordination and balance
1031651972	midbrain	segment of brain stem that lies between the hind brain and the forebrain; integrates sensory processes and control dopamine
1031651973	reticular formation	flight mechanism; modulation of muscles reflexes breathing and pain receptors regulates sleep and arousal
1031651974	fore brain	contains everything else!
1031651975	cerebrum	complex thought
1031651976	cerebral cortex	outer layer of the brain
1031651977	thalamus	where all senses except smell are passed through to the cerebral cortex
1031651978	hypothalamus	fighting, fleeing, feeding and sex
1031651979	limbic system	emotion behavior motivation; hippocampus, amygdala, basal ganglia
1031651980	hippocampus	responsible for memory consolidation of memory for factual information
1031651981	amygdala	learning a fear response and basic emotion
1031651982	cerebra hemispheres	right and left half of the brain
1031651983	corpus callosum	what connects the 2 hemispheres
1031651984	occipital lobe	located in the back used for sight
1031651985	parietal lobe	in front of the occipital lobe used for touch
1031651986	temporal lobe	below the parietal lobe used for auditory processing
1031651987	frontal lobe	all the front of the brain responsible motor skills
1031651988	mirror neurons	activated by performing or watching someone else perform an action
1031651989	prefrontal cortex	possibly used for decision making
1031651990	neurogenisis	the formation of neurons
1031651991	endocrine system	secretes glands that secrete chemicals into the bloodstream that help control bodily functions
1031651992	hormones	chemical substances released by the endocrine system
1031651993	pituitary gland	releases hormones that stimulate the endocrine system "master gland"
1031651994	oxytocin	regulates reproductive behavior
1031651995	chromosomes	molecules that carry genetic information
1031651996	genes	dna segments that code for hereditary transmission
1031651997	polygenic traits	characteristics influenced by more than one pain of genes
1031651998	family studies	the study to traits being passed down through generations
1031651999	twin studies	Ve+Vg=Vp
1031652000	adoption studies	what is inherited due to nurture
1031652001	epigenetic	heritable changes in the gene expression that do not involve modifications to the dna sequence
1031672321	basal ganglia	responsible for movement