APUSH Ch1-4 Flashcards

904580881	Prince Henry	Portugal
904580882	Columbus	Italy 1492
904580883	Amerigo Vespucci	"nuevo mundo" 1499 - 1501 voyage
904580884	Pedro Cabral	finds S. America claims Brazil
904580885	Samuel de Champlain	father of Canada
904580886	Henry Hudson	(Netherlands) Hudson River
904580887	King Henry VIII	left Roman Catholic Church launched English Protestant church
904580888	Queen Elizabeth I	Protestant rivalry with Spain intensified when became queen disliked by Catholic Irish and Spain
904580889	Sir Walter Raleigh	tobacco ****** CLARIFY
904580890	Francis Duke	1580 circumnavigated world returned with profit
904580891	Spanish Armada	"invisible armada" defeated by England --> Spain declined end of spanish dominance --> ensured England's naval dominance in N. Atlantic
904580892	enclosure movement	poor people land --> "enclosed" as private property of wealthy
904580893	primogeniture	eldest son inherits estate
904580894	contributing facts to colonization	unemployed farmers - no land overpopulation of England primogeniture - younger sons got no land joint stock company - financial means
904580895	Virginia Company of London	got charter from King James I for settlement charter guaranteed same rights as if in England
904580896	Jamestown	1607 -problems: malaria, lac of supplies, can't drink swamp water, wasted time looking for gold instead of building, planting, fishing -saved by Captain John Smith's leadership - no work, no eat rule
904580897	Captain John Smith	saved Jamestown implemented rule: no work, no eat
904580898	"starving time"	Jamestown winter of 1609-10 settlers raided nearby Indians for food and supplies
904580899	Lord De la Warr	Jamestown --> military regime settlers forced to stay declared war on Indians 1614 peace settlement - ended First Anglo-Powhatan War
904580900	Second Anglo-Powhatan War	English victory, banished Indians
904580901	John Rolfe	father of tobacco industry
904580902	House of Burgesses	1st representative assembly in America 1619
904580903	1624	charter was revoked Virginia --> royal colony under James I's control
904580904	Maryland	-established by Lord Batlimore -refuge for fellow Catholics -Huge estates (catholic owners) surrounded by small farmers (protestant-resentful) -main crop: tobacco -white indentured servants
904580905	Act of Toleration	1649 Maryland protect religious rights of all Christians/Catholic minority - not Jews or atheists
904580906	West Indies	tobacco = poor man's crop sugar = rich man's crop, main agriculture
904580907	Barbados Slave Code	1661 West Indies control/limit their rights
904580908	Carolinas	major exports: slave Indians, RICE, indigo annihilated Savannah Indians trouble with Florida
904580909	North Carolina	1712 - separated from SC -Migrants from VA- poorer, own small farms, not religious -resisted authority, independent-minded -democratic, least aristocratic -crushed Tuscarora Indians
904580910	South Carolina	defeated and dispersed Yamasee Indians
904580911	Georgia	1733 buffer colony- protect from Florida (Spain) and Louisiana (France) haven for debtors/prisoners no plantation economy restrictions on black slavery
904580912	James Oglethorpe	Georgia prison reform repelled Spanish attacks
904580913	Plantation Colonies	MD, VA, NC, SC,GA tobacco and rice slave labor few, large landholders strong aristocrat - not NC or GA sparse population dominant faith: church of England some religious tolerance
904580914	Northern colonies	religious devotion
904580915	Southern colonies	worldly wealth - tobacco
904580916	Calvinism	-Martin Luther's ideas --> John Calvin (wrote Institutes of the Christian Religion) --> Calvinism (dominant theology) -predestined -more extreme than King Henry VIII (TOTAL purification)
904580917	Separatists	Selective Calvinists and Puritans broke away (Separated) from Church of England fleed to Holland (1608) --> "Dutchification"-->America (VA)--> Mayflower 1620--> Plymouth Bay
904580918	Fall 1621	First Thanksgiving Day stable socially and economically
904580919	William Bradford	governor (30 times) - Plymouth feared non-Puritan settlers' corruption
904580920	1629	Charles I dismissed Parliament, persecuted Puritans
904580921	Archbishop William Laud	highly orthodox, persecuted Puritans
904580922	John Winthrop	Massachusetts first governor (for 19 yrs) feared democracy
904580923	Massachusetts	prospered-trade, fish, lumber (shipbuilding) covenant w/ God- agreement to build holy society
904580924	Congregational Church	"freemen" - adult male Puritans - anually elected gov and assistants women and unchurched men = voteless all colonists paid taxes for church right to hire/fire minister and set his salary clergymen - no formal political office
904580925	doctrine of covenant	purpose of government enforce God's laws
904580926	"sumptuary laws"	aka "blue laws" repressive no drinking, no kissing in public, etc
904580927	Anne Hutchinson	claimed that holy life does not equal salvation and that the truly saved don't need to bother with obeying the laws of God or man - antinomianism (against law) 1638 - banished moved to NY then RI
904580928	Roger Williams	minister with radical ideas 1635 - banished for "dangerous opinions" moved to RI built Baptist Church established COMPLETE freedom of religion no oaths, worship attendance, taxes for state church
904580929	Rhode Island	"sewer" for the "lord's debris" where the unwanted resided
904580930	Fundamental Orders	1639 constitutional document democratic principles
904580931	Pequot War	English VS Pequot tribe 1637 annihilated tribe
904580932	King Philip's War	Wampanoag chieftain: Massaoit his son: Metacom ("King Philip" to english) - alliance with other tribes - assault on English villages 1675-76 Indians were defeated
904580933	New England Confederation	1643 MA (Bay Colony + Plymouth) and Connecticut (New Haven + scattered valley settlements) exclusively Puritan purpose: defend against foes (Indians French, Dutch)
904580934	Effect of Colonial defiance (during Charles II)	King Charles II gave charter to Connecticut - legalized squatter settlements revoked MA's charter