AP Biology Exam #1 Flashcards
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| 1152508560 | Organic Compound | -compounds that contain carbon and usually hydrogen -example: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids | |
| 1152508561 | Inorganic Compound | -Compounds that, for the most part, do not contain carbon -Exceptions: carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and others | |
| 1152508562 | Carbonyl Group | -Makes a compound hydrophilic and polar - C=O group -Examples: aldehyde (C=O group is at the end of the chain) Ketone (C=O group is anywhere but the end if the chain) | |
| 1152508563 | Carboxyl Group | -A carbonyl group with -OH at the end -Found in amino acids | |
| 1152508564 | Hydroxyl Group | -Is present in compounds known as alcohols -The structure is r-OH -Makes a compound polar and hydrophilic | |
| 1152508565 | Phosphate Group | -Serves as a cellular energy source (ADP, ATP, GDP) -is acidic - r-O-PO3 | |
| 1152508566 | Lipid | -An organic compound used by cells as long term energy stores or building blocks -Is hydrophobic and insoluble in water -Most important examples: fats, oils, steroids | |
| 1152508567 | Fats | -Are made by combining glycerol and three fatty acids -More effective means of storing energy than carbohydrates | |
| 1152508568 | Saturated Fat | -Contains no double bonds -Associated with heart disease and atherosclerosis | |
| 1152508569 | Unsaturated Fat | Contains one or more double bonds | |
| 1152508570 | Steroid | -A lipid composed of four carbon rings -Examples: cholesterol, testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone | |
| 1152508571 | Phospholipid | -A lipid formed by combining a glycerol molecule with two fatty acids and a phosphate group -Has a hydrophobic tail and a hydrophilic head -Is the major component of cell membranes | |
| 1152508572 | Monosaccharide | -Simplest carbohydrate -Example: Glucose | |
| 1152508573 | Disaccharide | -A sugar consisting of two monosaccharides bound together -Examples: sucrose, maltose, and lactose | |
| 1152508574 | Polysaccharide | -A carbohydrate containing three or more monosaccharides linked together -Examples: starch, glycogen, cellulose, and chitin | |
| 1152508575 | Primary Structure of a Protein | The order of amino acids that make up the protein | |
| 1152508576 | Secondary Structure of a Protein | The three dimensional arrangement of a protein caused by hydrogen bonding at regular intervals along the polypeptide backbone | |
| 1152508577 | Tertiary Structure of a Protein | The three dimensional arrangement of a protein caused by interaction among the various R groups of the amino acids involved | |
| 1152508578 | Quaternary Structure of a Protein | The arrangement of the separate polypeptide subunits into a single protein | |
| 1152508579 | Enzyme | -A protein that acts as an organic catalyst to speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy needed for the reaction to take place | |
| 1152508580 | pH Number Scale | -Runs from 1-14 - 0= strongly acidic - 7= neutral - 14= strongly basic | |
| 1152508581 | Hydrolysis Reaction | A reaction that breaks down compounds by the addition of water | |
| 1152508582 | Dehydration Synthesis Reaction | A reaction in which two compounds are brought together with water released as a product | |
| 1152508583 | Endergonic Reaction | A reaction that requires the input of energy to occur | |
| 1152508584 | Exergonic Reaction | A reaction that gives off energy as a product |