The American Pageant, 12th Edition: Chapter 23 Key Terms Flashcards

1153498095	Gen. Ulysses S. Grant	Northern Civil War hero; nominated for the presidency in 1868. "Let us have peace". (republican)
1153498096	Horatio Seymour	Former New York governor; nominated as the democratic presidential candidate in 1868.
1153498097	"Jubilee" Jim Fisk & Jay Gould	Cornered the gold market in 1869 by bidding its price skyward. Treasury was eventually compelled to release gold.
1153498098	Boss Tweed	used bribery, graft, and fraudulent elections to scam as much as $200 million out of NY. Eventually jailed.
1153498099	Tammany Hall	Political district run by Boss Tweed.
1153498100	Thomas Nast	A political cartoonist that attacked Tweed's corruption.
1153498101	Samuel J. Tilden	Headed the persecution that landed Boss Tweed in jail.
1153498102	Credit Mobilier scandal	Company that constructed transcontinental railroad and sub-hired itself, so as to be paid double. Bribed and kept silent several congressmen and the vice president.
1153498103	Whiskey Ring	Robbed the treasury of whiskey excise tax money.
1153498104	William Belknap	Secretary of war, fought swindling $24,000 by selling trinkets to indians.
1153498105	Liberal Republican Party	Reform-minded republicans. Urged purification of the Washington administration and an end to military reconstruction.
1153498106	Horace Greeley	Nominated by the Liberal Republican Party; dogmatic, emotional petulant, and unsound in political judgements. Surprising endorsed by Democrats as well.
1153498107	Panic of 1873	Began with rover-spending with borrowed money in railroads and factories. Banks and businesses went bankrupt, including the Freeman's Savings and Trust Co.
1153498108	soft money/cheap money policies	debtors wanted paper money printed to create inflation, therefore making it easier to pay back debts.
1153498109	hard money policies	keeping the amount of money stable and backed up by gold.
1153498110	Resumption Act	intended to withdraw greenbacks from circulation and redeem paper money at face value.
1153498111	Greenback Labor Party	goal was to bring cheap money policies to life.
1153498112	Gilded Age	times looked good, but under the surface there were problems.
1153498113	Grand Army of the Republic	composed of several hundred thousand union veterans of the civil war, supported republicans.
1153498114	Stalwarts	Split of republican party led by Roscoe Conkling.
1153498115	Half-Breeds	Split of republican party led by James G. Blaine.
1153498116	Rutherford B. Hayes	Nominated by the republican party for the presidency in 1876; the "great unknown".
1153498117	Samuel Tilden (political)	Democratic nominee for the election of 1876; only to be beaten in a deadlock by Hayes.
1153498118	Electoral Count Act	Set up an electoral commission of fifteen men selected from the Senate, the House, and the supreme Court.
1153498119	Jim Crow laws	legalized segregation.
1153498120	Civil Rights Act of 1875	loosely guaranteed equal accommodations in public places and prohibited racial discrimination in jury selection; ultimately a failure.
1153498121	Compromise of 1877	1. Rutherford B. Hayes was elected president. 2. Removal of military occupation in the south, leaving freedmen to fend for themselves. 3. Money spent on the Texas & pacific railroad.
1153498122	Plessy vs. Ferguson	"separate but equal" facilities.
1153498123	James A Garfield	Nominated by the Republican party in 1880 and won. Assassinated by Charles J. Guiteau.
1153498124	Chester Arthur	Garfield's vice president; reform-minded
1153498125	Pendleton Act	required merit to get jobs, not just knowing someone in a high position.
1153498126	Civil Service Comission	awarded jobs based on performance
1153498127	James G. Blaine	Nominated for republican presidency in 1844.
1153498128	Gen. Winfield Scott	...
1153498129	Mugwumps	Republicans who didn't like Blaine's nomination, and went over to the Democrat's side.
1153498130	Grover Cleveland	Democratic nominee in the election of 1844; won. Had a capitalist mindset and named two former confederates to his cabinet, bridging the North-South gap.
1153498131	Thomas "Czar" Reed	Ran the House of Representatives; ruled over it.
1153498132	McKinley Tariff	Passed by Reed; hiked tariff rate to 48%, the highest ever in peacetime.
1153498133	Populist Party/People's Party/Farmer's Alliance	Comprised of unhappy farmers. They demanded: 1. Inflation through cheap money policies. 2. graduated income tax, telegraph, telephone, direct elections of U.S. senators, shorter working day, and immigration restrictions.
1153498134	initiative and referendum	intended so that people can propose and pass laws themselves
1153498135	Depression of 1893	Cleveland's budget deficit & low national gold supply. J.P. Morgan agreed to lend the U.S. Government $65 million in gold to solve the issue.
1153498136	William Jennings Bryan	the first spokesperson for silver and cheap money.
1153498137	Wilson-Gorman Tariff	Scared Cleveland into thinking the government was going in to the rich "fat cats" by allowing a 2% income tax on those who's income was over $4,000.