Brock Microbiology Ch. 3 Flashcards
Review of Key Terms
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| 502118643 | ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transport system | A membrane transport system consisting of three proteins, one of which hydrolyzes ATP; the system transports specific nutrients into the cell | |
| 502118644 | Basal Body | the "motor" portion of the bacterial flagellum, embedded in the cytoplasmic membrane and wall. | |
| 502118645 | Capsule | a polysaccharide or protein outermost later, usually rather slimy, present on some bacteria | |
| 502118646 | Chemotaxis | directed movement of an organism (positive) or away (negative) a chemical gradient | |
| 502118647 | Cytoplasmic membrane | The permeability barrier of the cell, separating the cytoplasm from the environment | |
| 502118648 | Dipicolinic acid | A substance unique to endospores that confers heat resistance on these structures | |
| 502118649 | Endospore | A highly heat-resistant, thick-walled, differentiated structure produced by certain gram-positive bacteria. | |
| 502118650 | Flagellum | A long, thin cellular appendage capable of rotation and responsible for swimming motility in prokaryotic cells | |
| 502118651 | Gas vesicles | Gas-filled cytoplasmic structures bounded by protein and conferring buoyancy on cells. | |
| 502118652 | Gram Negative | A bacterial cell with a cell wall containing small amounts of peptidoglycan, and an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharide, lipoprotein, and other complex macromolecules | |
| 502118653 | Gram Positive | A bacterial cell whose cell wall consists chiefly of peptidoglycan; no outer membrane | |
| 502118654 | Gram Stain | A differential staining procedure that stains cells either purple (gram positive) or pink (gram negative). | |
| 502118655 | Group Translocation | An energy dependent transport system in which the substance transported is chemically modified during the process of being transported by a series of proteins. | |
| 502118656 | Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) | A combination of lipid with polysaccharide and protein forms the major portion of the outer-membrane in gram negative bacteria. | |
| 502118657 | Magnetosome | A particle of magnetite (Fe3O4) enclosed by a nonunit membrane in the cytoplasm of magnetotactic bacteria | |
| 502118658 | Morphology | The shape of a cell - rod, coccus, spirillum, and so on | |
| 502118659 | Outer Membrane | A phospholipid - and polysaccharide - containing unit membrane that lies external to the peptidoglycan layer in cells of gram negative bacteria. | |
| 502118660 | Peptidoglycan | A polysaccharide composed of alternating repeats of N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid arranged in adjacent layers and cross linked by short peptides | |
| 502118661 | Periplasm | A gel-like region between the outer surface of the cytoplasmic membrane and the inner surface of the lipopolysaccharide layer of gram-negative bacteria | |
| 502118662 | Peritrichous flagellation | Having flagella located in many places around the surface of the cell | |
| 502118663 | Phototaxis | Movement of an organism toward light | |
| 502118664 | Pili | Thin, filamentous structures that extend from the surface of a cell and, depending on type, facilitate cell attachment, genetic exchange, or twitching motility. | |
| 502118665 | Polar Flagellation | Having flagella emanating from one or both poles of the cell | |
| 502118666 | Poly-B-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) | A common storage material of prokaryotic cells consisting of a polymer of B-hydroxybutyrate or another B-alkanoic acid or mixtures of B-alkanoic acids | |
| 502118667 | S-Layer | An outermost cell surface layer composed of protein or glycoprotein present on some bacteria and archaea | |
| 502118668 | Simple transport system | A transporter that consists of only a membrane-spanning protein and is typically driven by energy from the protein motive force | |
| 502118669 | Teichoic acid | A phosphorylated polyalcohol found in the cell wall of some gram-positive bacteria |