Cellular Communications Flashcards

334497128	between	Intercellular means _______ the cells
334497129	within	Intracelluar means _______ a cell
334497130	Signal, Receiver, Transduce signal into response	What are 3 steps in EVERY receptors pathway?
334497131	receptor	Specialized protiens where chemical messengers bind so that a cell can receive a signal
334497132	Receptor Specificity	The ability of a receptor to bind only one type or a limited number of structurally related types of chemical messengers
334497133	antagonist	Molecule that competes with a ligand for binding to its receptor, but does not activate signaling normally associtated with natural ligand
334497134	agonist	A chemical messenger that binds and initiates a response just like the natural ligand does.
334497135	Down- regulation	A decrease in the total number of target- cell receptors for a given messenger; may occur in response to chronic high extracelluar concentrations (desensitization)
334497136	Up- regulation	An increse in the total number of target cell receptors for a given messenger; may occur in respons to a chronic low extracellular concentration
334497137	Increased sensitivity	Caused by up-regulation, the increased response of a target cell to a given messenger
334497138	lipid solube messengers	What type of messenger will typically increase the transcription rate
334497139	True	T/F Pathways initiated by lipid-solube messengers are slower, but provide a more sustained response
334497140	Alter the membrane potential	What is the main goal of Receptors that open ligand gated ion channels?
334497141	Kinase	Any enzyme that phosphorylates itself of another protien
334497142	WILL always initiate the cascade of events by phophorylating a protien	What do all kinases' have in common?
334497143	Janus Kinases JAK	Common enzymatic protien within the cytoplasm, which the receptor will interact with
334497144	Adenylyl cycalse	What is the effector protien in G protien coupled receptors cAMP?
334497145	Alpha unit Beta/Gamma units	What subunit activates the effector protien in cAMP? What subunits anchor that subunit down?
334497146	break down cAMP and prevent adenyly from catalyzing and changing ATP into 2 messenger	What is the function of cAMP phosphodiesterase?
334497147	Amplification	One molecule of chemical messenger can produce a million products
334497148	1st messenger	Always the ligand that binds to the receptor which causes a response and the 2 messenger
334497149	2nd messenger	Substances that enter or are generated in the cytoplasm as a result of receptor activation
334497150	Cessation	The inactivation of receptors or of signal transduction pathways
334497151	Phosphorylation affinity	Cessation - receptor becomes chemically altered, usually by _____, which lowers its ___ for a first messenger so its released
334497152	G-protien	Cessation - phosphorylation of the receptor may prevent further _______ binding to the receptor
334497153	receptors	Plasma membranes ______ may be removed
334497154	cross talk	Single first messenger may trigger changes in the activity of more than one pathway and many different messengers simultaneously influence a cell are examples of what?