AP Biology - Chapter 53 Community Ecology Flashcards

Important words and terms in AP Biology Chapter 53 (Community Ecology)

909237922	community	an assemblage of species living close enough together for potential interaction
909237923	species richness	the number of species a community contain and relative abundance of different species
909237924	individualistic hypothesis	depicts a community as a chance assemblage of species found in the same area because they happen to have similar abiotic requirements (redundancy model)
909237925	interactive hypothesis	depicts a community as an assemblage of closely linked species locked in by mandatory biotic interactions (rivet model)
909237926	competitive exclusion principle	(-/-) [competition] two species cannot coexist in a community
909237927	ecological niche	the sum total of organism's use of abiotic/biotic resources in the environment
909237928	resource partitioning	the differentiation of niches that enables two similar species to coexist in a community
909237929	predation	(+/-) eats prey
909237930	parasitism	predators live on/in a host and depend on the host for nutrition
909237931	Cryptic coloration	camouflage, deceptive markings
909237932	aposematic coloration	indicated by warning colors, and is sometimes associated with defenses (toxins)
909237933	batesian mimicry	a harmless species mimics a harmful one
909237934	mullerian mimicry	where two or more unpalatable species resemble each other
909237935	mutalism	(+/+) two species benefit from their interaction
909237936	commensalism	(+/0) one species benefits from the interaction, but other is not affected (ie. barnacles attach to a whale)
909237937	coevolution	the reciprocal evolutionary adaptations of two interacting species
909237938	food chain	transfer of food energy from its source in photosynthetic organisms through herbivores and carnivores
909237939	food webs	food chains as non-isolated units but are hooked together
909237940	10% rule	energy is lost as it moves through the trophic level
909237941	autotroph	producer (makes own food)
909237942	heterotroph	consumer
909237943	keystone species	strong control on community structure; if we remove a dominant species, it can change the entire community structure
909237944	disturbance	fire, weather or human activity that can alter communities
909237945	ecological succession	the sequence of community changes after a disturbance
909237946	primary succession	(no soil) begins in a lifeless area, ie. a new volcanic island
909237947	secondary succession	(soil) existing community has been cleared by some event
909237948	biodiversity	two key factors: size and biogeography
909237949	species richness	the total number of species in the community