Chapter 32: Intro to Animal Diversity Flashcards
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| 691984138 | 6 general traits that identify animals | -multicellular -heterotrophic (ingestive) eukaryotes -tissues develop from embryonic layers -no cell walls -extracellular strutural proteins (collagen - unique to animals) -unique tisue types (nervous and muscular) | |
| 691984139 | animals reproduce ___ and ___ is the dominant stage | sexually...diploid | |
| 691984140 | 5 steps to basic embryonic development pattern | -zygote -cleavage -multiple cells -blastula -gastrula | |
| 691984141 | gastrulation | formation of embryonic tissue layers | |
| 691984142 | guide development by ____ | Hox genes... regulating expression of other genes | |
| 691984143 | Protist ancestor ___ | choanoflagellates | |
| 691984144 | animals and fungi diverged about | 1 bya | |
| 691984145 | common ancestor of animals lived around | 675-800mya | |
| 691984146 | this ancestor was probably ___ and ___ like the choanoflagellates | colonial and flagellated | |
| 691984147 | frst fossil record | late Precambrian and early Cambrian(565-550mya) | |
| 691984148 | when were all major animal groups present in the fossil record | Cambrian (Cambrian Explosion) | |
| 691984149 | relatively few groups were present in the ___ and what were they | Ediacaran...sponges/cnidarians | |
| 691984150 | what led to diversity of body plans | diversification of Hox genes | |
| 691984151 | what led to larger body sizes | increased O2 | |
| 691984152 | which made it to land first vertebrates or arthropods | arthropods 460mya followed by vertebrates about 360mya | |
| 691984153 | Mesozoic | Era had no new body plans but widespread ecological diversification and was the age of dinosaurs; origin of mammals and angiosperm diversification 251-65.5mya | |
| 691984154 | Cenozoic | mass extinction; rise of mammal 65.5 mya to present | |
| 691984155 | bauplan | bodyplan | |
| 691984156 | 2 things that form basis of traditional phylogeny | bodyplan and embryonic development | |
| 691984157 | body plan | set of morphological and developmental traits | |
| 691984158 | grade | group sharing certain body plan features (does not necessarily equal a clade) | |
| 691984159 | 4 main grades | -Parazoa / Eumetazoa -Radial / Bilateral -Coelom grades -Protosome/Deuterostome | |
| 691984160 | Parazoa = ? Eumetazoa = ? | without true tissues / with tissues porifera / the rest of animals | |
| 691984161 | radial / bilateral | cnidaria and ctenophora / the rest of animals -radial = sessile and floating bilateral = cephalization | |
| 693657084 | acoelomates have no ___ between __ and ___ | solid body, no cavity between gut and body wall | |
| 693657085 | pseudocoelomates | body cavity but not lined by mesoderm tissue | |
| 693657086 | coelomates | true coelom | |
| 693657087 | the role of body cavity | hydrostatic skeleton for protecting function of internal organs. | |
| 693657088 | 2 patterns of development in coelomates | protostome and deuterostome | |
| 693657089 | 3 examples of protostomes | arthropods, mollusks and annelids | |
| 693657090 | 3 examples of deuterostomes | echinoderms and chordates | |
| 693657091 | protostomes have ___ and ___ cleavage during development | spiral...determinate | |
| 693657092 | deuterostomes have ___ and ___ cleavage during development | radial....indeterminate | |
| 693657093 | spiral cleavage | planes of cell division are diagonal to the vertical axis of the embryo | |
| 693657094 | radial cleavage | A type of embryonic development in deuterostomes in which the planes of cell division that transform the zygote into a ball of cells are either parallel or perpendicular to the polar axis, thereby aligning tiers of cells one above the other. | |
| 693657095 | visually compare two cleavage types |  | |
| 693689282 | blastopore | The opening of the archenteron in the gastrula | |
| 693689283 | the fate of the blastopore in protostomes | becomes mouth | |
| 693689284 | the fate of the blastopore in deuterostomes | becomes anus | |
| 693689285 | what is archenteron? | The primordial digestive cavity of those embryonic forms whose blastula becomes a gastrula by invagination; called also gastrocoele or primordial gut. |  |
| 693689286 | invagination | the infolding of cells | |
| 693689287 | how many recognized animal phyla | about 35 | |
| 693689288 | all animals share a common ancestor t/f | true | |
| 693689289 | clade of all animals except sponges | Eumetazoa | |
| 693689290 | radiata. what it is and which phyla have it | radial symmetry present onlhy in cnidarians and ctenophores | |
| 693689291 | bilateria. | bilateral symmetry...the rest of animals | |
| 693689292 | deuterostomes are __phyletic | monophyletic | |
| 693689293 | chordates are ___stomes | deuterostomes | |
| 693689294 | protostoma and deuterostoma are and comprise the | clades based on morphology...morphology based tree | |
| 693689295 | 3 main clades of bilaterian animals | Deuterostomia Lophotorochozoa Ecydysozoa | |
| 693689296 | the non deuterostome animals are in ___ cladees called | two clades... Lophotrochozoa Ecdysozoa | |
| 693689297 | Lophotrochozoa | a clade that encompasses the annelids, mollusks, and several other phyla, they are distinguished by two morphological features, the lophophore, a crown of tentacles used for feeding,and the trochophore larva, a distinct larval stage | |
| 693689298 | Ecdysozoa | a clade that is characterised by molting... arthropods and nematodes (pseudocoelomate). | |
| 693689299 | what part of ecdysozoa is molted | the eskoskeleton |