Brinkley Chapter 6 Flashcards

950725305	Constitutional Convention	secret meetings, didn't say anything to public, Washington was chairperson, Franklin was calming and unifying, James Madison directed work along with Hamilton, Gouverneur Morris, and Dickinson, represented common goal of strengthening nation, Jay, Jefferson, Adams, Henry, Paine were not present
950725306	James Madison	father of the Constitution
950725307	Alexander Hamilton	Delegate to the Constitutional Convention and leader of the Federalists; first secretary of the treasury.
950725308	Virginia Plan	proposed by Madison, favored the larger states in the its form of representation.
950725309	New Jersey Plan	favored the small states in its form of representation
950725310	Great Compromise	Connecticut Plan, provided for bicameral legislature, equal representation in Senate, House of Representatives would be proportional to population size
950725311	Three-Fifths Compromise	counted each slave as three-fifths of a person for the purposes of determining a state's level of taxation and representation
950725312	Federalists	those who supported the Constitution and a strong federal government, most numerous on Atlantic Coast
950725313	Anti-Federalists	opponents of the Constitution who favored a stronger state government, small farmers and westerners
950725314	The Federalist Papers	series of highly persuasive essays written by Madison, Hamilton, and Jay, 85 essays, presented cogent reasons for the practicality of the constitution
950725315	Judiciary Act of 1789	established a Supreme Court with one chief justice and five associate justices, highest court was empowered to rule on constitutionality of state courts
950725316	Proclamation of Neutrality	1793 Washington believed nation was not strong enough to engage in foreign war, Jefferson resigned in response
950725317	Citizen Genet	French minister broke all rules by appealing directly to the American people to support the French cause, Jefferson approved of Washington's appeal to French government to remove him, chose to remain in the US
950725318	Jay Treaty 1794	Britain agreed to evacuate its posts on the US western frontier, said nothing about seizures of American ships, angered American supporters of France, did maintain neutrality
950725319	Pinckney Treaty 1795	US may be drawing closer to Britain, Spain had to consolidate holdings in North America, treaty agreed to open lower Mississippi River and New Orleans to US trade, right of deposit was given to transfer cargoes without paying duties, 31st parallel was border with Florida
950725320	Whiskey Rebellion 1794	farmers in Pennsylvania refused to pay excise tax, they attacked revenue collectors, Washington mobilized 15000 militiamen and placed them under Hamilton, show of force, Americans applauded use of force, westerners resented this action, Jefferson was chief critic
950725321	Washington's Farewell Address	warned Americans not to get involved in European affairs, against US "permanent alliances", not to form political parties, to avoid sectionalism, two term precedent was set
950725322	XYZ Affair	Adams sent US delegation to Paris to negotiate, three French ministers requested bribes to enter into negotiations, American delegates refused, "millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute", led to war calls, Adams resisted
950725323	Alien Acts	authorized the president to deport any aliens considered dangerous and to detain any enemy aliens in a time of war
950725324	Sedition Act	made it illegal for newspaper editors to criticize either the president or Congress and imposed heavy penalties
950725325	Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions	states had entered into a "compact" in forming the national government, and therefore if any act of the federal government broke the compact, a state could nullify the federal law
950725326	Revolution of 1800	the change from Federalist control to Democratic-Republican control, passing of power from one political party to another, proved US would endure struggles placed on it
950725327	Bill of Rights	Set of Amendments to the Constitution restricting what the law cannot alter
950725328	Checks and Balances	How the Judiciary, Executive, and Legislative branches maintained equal power and avoided tyranny
950725329	Bicameral Legislature	A law making body made of two houses (bi means 2). Example: Congress (our legislature) is made of two house - The House of Representatives and The Senate.
950725330	John Adams	1796; Federalist; notable events include XYZ affair, the passing of the Alien and Sedition Acts, and his appointment of John Marshall (Federalist) as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and numerous federalist
950725331	Quasi War	Undeclared war fought entirely at sea between the United States and France from 1798 to 1800. The French began to seize American ships trading with their British enemies and refused to receive a new United States minister when he arrived in Paris in December 1796.
950725332	Republicans	Rivals of the Federalists who believed in a smaller government based on state rights. Their rivalry sparked tensions with Federalists, creating a political party system.
950725333	Separation of Powers	Constitutional division of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, with the legislative branch making law, the executive applying and enforcing the law, and the judiciary interpreting the law
950725334	Sovereignty	Ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states.