Ch 7 APUSH: The Road to Revolution (1763-1775) Flashcards

779753871	Republicanism	A model of society in which all citizens overlooked their own selfish interests for the greater good: Society, its balance, and the govts power depended upon the moral code of the citizens
779753872	Radical Whigs	A group of British political commentators who feared the monarchy's power and its threat to American liberty: Criticized the king's use of bribes and patronage, which were symptoms of a moral decay called "corruption": Warned the citizens to be on the guard against conspiracies: Helped develop American distrust towards British
779753873	Mercantilist	Believed that the source of a country's power was its wealth, and a country's military and political power could be determined from the amount of gold and silver in its treasury
779753874	Sugar Act of 1764	Forced taxes on colonists for items such as sugar: A method for the Crown to raise money: Repealed after colonists protested
779753875	Quartering Act of 1765	Required that colonists provide soldiers with food and housing
779753876	Stamp Act	Mandated that people put stamps on any bills of sale for 50 items, playing cards, pamphlets, newspapers, diplomas, bills of lading, and marriage licenses: Stamps served as confirmation of payment of tax
779753877	Admiralty Courts	Courts where juries were not allowed: People were guilty until proven innocent, opposite of today, which is innocent until proven guilty
779753878	Stamp Act Congress of 1765	Assembled 27 delegates from 9 colonies in NYC: Drafted a statement of their rights and grievances, implored the king to repeal the Stamp Act: While it was ignored in England, it helped bring together the people of the colonies
779753879	Nonimportation Agreements	Boycott against British goods: People wore homespun woolen garments, refrained from eating lamb so that wool-bearing sheep could mature: Public defiance helped helped spread mood of anger throughout the Americas
779753880	Sons and Daughters of Liberty	Groups which rebelled against British laws: Enforced nonimportation agreements against violators by tarring and feathering them: Also plundered the houses of disliked officers, robbed them of their money, and hanged imitations of stamp agents on liberty poles
779753881	Declaratory Act of 1766	Stated that Britain had absolute power over the colonies
779753882	Townshend Acts	Passed by Charles Townshend: Placed a tax on paper, paint, glass, white lead, and tea
779753883	Boston Massacre	An event on March 5, 1770 in which redcoats killed/wounded 11 people after colonists taunted and threw snowballs at them: Caused by tension between redcoats and colonists
779753884	Committees of Correspondence	Set up in Massachusetts by Samuel Adams, function was to spread the idea of rebellion and hatred against British: About 80 towns set up such committees
779753885	Boston Tea Party	Occurred in 1773, 100 Bostonians disguised as Indians dumped 342 crates of tea in the sea
779753886	Intolerable Acts	Were a series of acts passed by Parliament in 1774; took away many of the rights granted in the charter; Town meetings were restricted; Officers who killed colonists were taken to Britain for their trial; came after the Boston Tea Party
779753887	Quebec Act	Let French keep their political and religious traditions, and extended the boundaries to the Ohio River: Colonists incorrectly thought that it was in response to Boston Tea Party
779753888	First Continental Congress	Met in 1774 to find ways to solve colonial grievances: 12/13 colonies sent 55 men, including Samuel Adams, John Adams, George Washington, and Patrick Henry
779753889	The Association	An agreement decided upon in 1774 that called for total boycott of British goods through non importation, non exportation, and nonconsumption
779753890	Lexington and Concord	In 1775, a British commander sent a group of troops to seize gunpowder and capture Samuel Adams and John Hancock: In Lexington, colonial "Minutemen" held their ground, so British fired and killed 8 Americans: Marched forward to Concord, but were forced to retreat by the militiamen there: 70 British killed, 300 casualties total, first shots of war
779753891	Valley Forge	From 1777-1778: Encampment where George Washington and his soldiers spent a terrible winter: Hundreds died, many more deserted: Reflected weakness of the army, which was that they had few supplies
779753892	John Hancock	One of the chief revolutionary leaders: merchant who was extremely affected by Navigation Laws and vehemently opposed the taxing
779753893	George Grenville	Prime Minister of 1763: Passed Stamp Act, Sugar Act, Quartering Act enforced Navigation Laws: Colonists felt that Grenville was destroying their liberty
779753894	Charles Townshend	A great orator who spend much of his time drunken, convinced Parliament to pass the Townshend Acts
779753895	Crispus Attucks	Leader of the Boston Massacre, first person to be killed
779753896	George III	A bad ruler, industrious, stubborn, megalomaniacal: Surrounded by "yes men", like his minister, Lord North
779753897	Samuel Adams	Another one of the main revolutionaries, a fervent Son of Liberty who helped establish some local committees of correspondence
779753898	Thomas Hutchinson	Governor of Mass., had his house burned by Stamp Act protests in 1765: Believed tea tax was unfair, but believed colonists should not disobey the law, so ordered ships not to leave until cargo was unloaded
779753899	Lord North	The corrupt prime minister, repealed the Townshend Act and instead placed a tax on tea
779753900	Marquis de Lafayette	A wealthy French nobleman, became a general at age 19: Prized glory and liberty
779753901	Baron von Steuben	A stern drillmaster and organizational genius, trained his men, gave them valuable experience / Valley Forge (drilled washington's troops)
779753902	Lord Dunmore	British governor of Virginia in 1775 who promised freedom for all Blacks who joined the British army: 300 left to join