BIO 120 Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards
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| 1324461085 | The continuity of life is based on the reproduction of cells, which is... | Cell Division | |
| 1324461086 | Cell Cycle | the life of a cell from the time it is first formed from a dividing parent cell until its own division into two daughter cells | |
| 1324461087 | Genome | a cell's endowment of DNA (the genetic information) | |
| 1324461088 | Chromosomes | structures where the DNA molecules are packed together | |
| 1324461089 | Chromatin | the entire complex of DNA and proteins that is the building material of chromosomes | |
| 1324461090 | Gene | section of DNA that has the instructions for making one protein | |
| 1324461091 | Each duplicated chromosome has how many sister chromatids? | 2! | |
| 1324461092 | Sister Chromatids | joined copies of the original chromosome, each containing an identical DNA molecule. | |
| 1324461093 | Centromere | where the chromatid is attached most closely to its sister chromatid. The "waist" of the chromosome. | |
| 1324461094 | What needs to happen before cell division? | DNA needs to be doubled | |
| 1324461095 | DNA replication | results in two identical DNA molecules. Each new DNA molecule is half new and half from the old molecule. | |
| 1324461096 | Mitosis | the division of the genetic material in the nucleus, followed by cytokinesis. One cell has become two, which separates the sister chromatids, and each the genetic equivalent of the parent cell. | |
| 1324461097 | Cytokinesis | the division of the cytoplasm, after mitosis | |
| 1324461098 | The cell cycle consists of: | 1.) Interphase 2.) Mitosis 3.) Cytokinesis | |
| 1324461099 | Interphase | accounts for 90% of cell cycle. a cell that is about to divide grows and copies its chromosomes in preparation for cell division | |
| 1324461100 | Sub-phases of Interphase: | 1.) G1 phase 2.) S phase 3.) G2 phase | |
| 1324461101 | G1 phase | First gap. Cell grows | |
| 1324461102 | S phase | Synthesis. Cell continues to grow as it copies its chromosomes | |
| 1324461103 | G2 phase | Second gap. Cell grows more in prep. for cell division, then goes to mitosis where it divides. | |
| 1324461104 | Mitosis is broken up into four stages: | 1.) Prophase/prometaphase 2.) Metaphase 3.) Anaphase 4.) Telophase | |
| 1324461105 | Prophase/prometaphase | Chromosomes condense. Nuclear membrane dissolves. Mitotic spindle forms. | |
| 1324461106 | Metaphase | Chromosomes align along lateral plane | |
| 1324461107 | Anaphase | Separate sister chromatids (separate exact DNA copies) | |
| 1324461108 | Telophase | Chromosomes migrate to poles, prepares fro cytokinesis. Nuclear membrane reforms. | |
| 1324461109 | Cytokinesis in plants | Cell plate - forms on the inside, goes out | |
| 1324461110 | Cytokinesis in animals | Cleavage Furrow - works from the outside in | |
| 1324461111 | Cancer | unregulated cell division | |
| 1324461112 | Tumor | mass of cells with no function | |
| 1324461113 | Benign tumor | if tumor has no effect on surrounding tissue (noncancerous) | |
| 1324461114 | Malignant tumor | if tumor invades surrounding tissue (cancerous) | |
| 1324461115 | Metastatic tumor | if individual cells break away and start a new tumor elsewhere (cancerous) | |
| 1324461116 | Where can cancer cells travel? | in the lymph and blood | |
| 1324461117 | Mutation | change in the information that a gene carries or a change in the sequence of nucleotides of a DNA molecule | |
| 1324461118 | Carcinogens | substances that damage DNA and chromosomes | |
| 1324461119 | Proto-oncogene | function protein only stimulates cell division when conditions are right, mutated protein can lead to overstimulation of cell division by overriding checkpoint control. | |
| 1324461121 | Tumor supressor genes | Protein stops tumor formation by suppressing cell division, mutated protein fails to stop tumor growth |