AP Chemistry Reactions Flashcards
A comprehensive overview of reactions that may appear on the AP Chemistry Test
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| 362400759 | Acetic acid reacts with 1-octanol | CH₃COOH + C₈H₁₇OH → CH₃COOC₈H₁₇ + H₂O organic esterification | |
| 362400760 | 1-propanol is added to acetic acid | C₃H₇OH + CH₃COOH → CH₃COOC₃H₇ + H₂O organic esterification | |
| 362400761 | ethanol and formic acid (HCOOH) are mixed and warmed | HCOOH + C₂H₅OH → HCOOC₂H₅ + H₂O organic esterification | |
| 362400762 | methanol and acetic acid are mixed | CH₃OH + CH₃COOH → CH₃COOCH₃ + H₂O organic esterification | |
| 362400763 | chlorine gas is added to methane | Cl₂ + CH₄ → CH₃Cl + H⁺ + Cl⁻ organic substitution | |
| 362400764 | propane gas is heated with fluorine | C₃H₈ + F₂ → C₃H₇F + HF organic substitution | |
| 362400765 | bromine gas is added to ethane | C₂H₆ + Br₂ → C₂H₅Br + H⁺ + Br⁻ organic substitution | |
| 362400766 | fluorine gas is added to pentane | C₅H₁₂ + F₂ → C₅H₁₁F + HF organic substitution | |
| 362400767 | hydrogen gas is added to 2-butene | C₄H₈ + H₂ → C₄H₁₀ organic addition | |
| 362400768 | hydrogen gas is added to 2-pentene | C₅H₁₀ + H₂ → C₅H₁₂ organic addition | |
| 362400769 | propene gas is mixed with bromine vapor | C₃H₆ + Br₂ → C₃H₆Br₂ organic addition | |
| 362400770 | ethene gas is bubbled through a solution of bromine | C₂H₄ + Br₂ → C₂H₄Br₂ organic addition | |
| 362400771 | hydrogen gas is added to ethene | C₂H₄ + H₂ → C₂H₆ organic addition | |
| 362400772 | excess bromine gas is added to ethyne | C₂H₂ + 2 Br₂ → C₂H₂Br₄ organic addition | |
| 362400773 | aqueous copper II chloride is electrolyzed | Cu⁺² + 2 Cl⁻ → Cu + Cl₂ | |
| 362400774 | aqueous copper II sulfate is electrolyzed | 2 Cu⁺² + 2 H₂O → 2 Cu + O₂ + 4 H⁺ electrolysis of a solution | |
| 362400775 | the electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride | 2 Cl⁻ + 2 H₂O → Cl₂ + H₂ + 2 OH⁻ electrolysis of a solution | |
| 362400776 | the electrolysis of sodium sulfate | 2 H₂O → 2 H₂ + O₂ electrolysis of a solution | |
| 362400777 | the electrolysis of aqueous potassium fluoride | 2 H₂O → 2 H₂ + O₂ electrolysis of a solution | |
| 362400778 | the electrolysis of aqueous nickel II nitrate | 2 Ni⁺² + 2 H₂O → 2 Ni + 4 H⁺ + O₂ electrolysis of a solution | |
| 362400779 | the electrolysis of aqueous cesium bromide | 2 H₂O + 2 Br⁻ → Br₂ + H₂ + 2 OH⁻ electrolysis of a solution | |
| 362400780 | the electrolysis of aqueous chromium III iodide | 2 Cr⁺³ + 6 I⁻ → 3 I₂ + 2 Cr electrolysis of a solution | |
| 362400781 | the electrolysis of aqueous magnesium sulfide | 2 H₂O → 2 H₂ + O₂ electrolysis of a solution | |
| 362400782 | The electrolysis of aqueous ammonium chloride | 2 Cl⁻ + 2 H₂O → Cl₂ + H₂ + 2 OH⁻ electrolysis of a solution | |
| 362400783 | The electrolysis of aqueous gold III acetate | 4 Au⁺³ + 6 H₂O → 4 Au + 3 O₂ + 12 H⁺ electrolysis of a solution | |
| 362400784 | The electrolysis of aqueous cobalt II bromide | Co⁺² + 2 Br⁻ → Co + Br₂ electrolysis of a solution | |
| 362400785 | molten sodium chloride is electrolyzed | 2 NaCl (l) → 2 Na (l) + Cl₂ (g) electrolysis of molten salt | |
| 362400786 | Molten magnesium oxide is electrolyzed | 2 MgO (l) → 2 Mg (l) + O₂ (g) electrolysis of molten salt | |
| 362400787 | molten calcium fluoride is electrolyzed | CaF₂ (l) → Ca (l) + F₂ (g) electrolysis of molten salt | |
| 362400788 | molten aluminum oxide is electrolyzed | 2 Al₂O₃ → 4 Al + 3 O₂ electrolysis of molten salt | |
| 362400789 | molten lithium fluoride is electrolyzed | 2 LiF → 2 Li + F₂ electrolysis of molten salt | |
| 362400790 | Copper II chloride solution is combined with an excess of concentrated ammonia solution | Cu⁺² + 4 NH₃ → [Cu(NH₃)₄]⁺² complex ion (excess concentrated ligand added) | |
| 362400791 | excess sodium cyanide solution is added to a solution of silver nitrate | Ag⁺ + 2 CN⁻ → [Ag(CN)₂]⁻ complex ion (excess ligand added) | |
| 362400792 | Excess potassium hydroxide solution is added to a solution of aluminum nitrate | Al⁺³ + 6 OH⁻ → [Al(OH)₆]⁻³ complex ion (excess ligand added) | |
| 362400793 | Excess sodium hydroxide solution is added to a precipitate of aluminum hydroxide | Al(OH)₃ + 3 OH⁻ → [Al(OH)₆]⁻³ complex ion (excess ligand added with insoluble ppt) | |
| 362400794 | A piece of copper is immersed in dilute nitric acid | 3 Cu + 8 H⁺ + 2 NO₃⁻ → 3 Cu⁺² + 2 NO +4 H₂O transition metal and oxyacid (redox) | |
| 362400795 | A piece of copper is immersed in concentrated sulfuric acid | Cu + 3 H⁺ + HSO₄⁻ → Cu⁺² + SO₂ + 2 H₂O transition metal and oxyacid (redox | |
| 362400796 | A piece of silver is placed in dilute nitric acid | 3 Ag + 4 H⁺ + NO₃⁻ → 3 Ag⁺ + NO + 2 H₂O transition metal an oxyacid (redox) | |
| 362400797 | A piece of lead is placed in concentrated sulfuric acid | Pb + 3 H⁺ + HSO₄⁻ → Pb⁺² + SO₂ + 2 H₂O transition metal and oxyacid (redox) | |
| 362400798 | Solid pieces of manganese are placed in a solution of copper II sulfate | Mn + Cu⁺² → Cu + Mn⁺² transition metal and salt | |
| 362400799 | A piece of solid nickel is placed in a solution of silver nitrate | Ni + 2 Ag⁺ → 2 Ag + Ni⁺² transition metal and salt | |
| 362400800 | A bar of zinc is immersed in a solution of silver nitrate | Zn + 2 Ag⁺ → 2 Ag + Zn⁺² transition metal and salt | |
| 362400801 | Iron filings are placed in a solution of iron III sulfate | Fe + 2 Fe⁺³ → 3 Fe⁺² transition metal and salt | |
| 362400802 | Lead shot is dropped into hot, concentrated sulfuric acid | Pb + 3 H⁺ + HSO₄⁻ → PbSO₄ + SO₂ + 2 H₂O strong acid and metal (exception) | |
| 362400803 | Solid copper shavings are added to concentrated nitric acid | 3 Cu + 8 H⁺ + 2 NO₃⁻ → 3 Cu⁺² + 2 NO + 4 H₂O strong acid and metal (exception) | |
| 362400804 | A piece of magnesium was dropped into a beaker of 6 M hydrochloric acid | 2 H⁺ + Mg → H₂ + Mg⁺² strong acid and metal | |
| 362400805 | calcium metal is dropped into a beaker of nitric acid | Ca + 2 H⁺ → H₂ + Ca⁺² strong acid and metal | |
| 362400806 | Into a beaker of sulfuric acid is placed a piece of zinc | Zn + 2 H⁺ → H₂ + Zn⁺² strong acid and metal | |
| 362400807 | A piece of strontium is dropped into a beaker of perchloric acid | Sr + 2 H⁺ → H₂ + Sr⁺² strong acid and metal | |
| 362400808 | Pieces of barium are added to a container of nitric acid | Ba + 2 H⁺ → Ba⁺² + H₂ strong acid and metal | |
| 362400809 | sodium hydroxide solution is added to a solution of ammonium nitrate | OH⁻ + NH₄⁺ → H₂O + NH₃ strong base and acid salt | |
| 362400810 | solutions of potassium hydroxide and ammonium chloride are mixed | OH⁻ + NH₄⁺ → H₂O + NH₃ strong base and acid salt | |
| 362400811 | solid ammonium chloride is added to a solution of sodium hydroxide | OH⁻ + NH₄⁺ → H₂O + NH₃ strong base and acid salt | |
| 362400812 | a solution of ammonium sulfate is added to a potassium hydroxide solution | OH⁻ + NH₄⁺ → H₂O + NH₃ strong base and acid salt | |
| 362400813 | excess hydrochloric acid is added to a solution of potassium sulfide | 2 H⁺ + S⁻² → H₂S strong acid and basic salt | |
| 362400814 | solutions of hydrochloric acid and sodium bicarbonate are mixed | H⁺ + HCO₃⁻ → H₂CO₃ strong acid and basic salt | |
| 362400815 | Dilute nitric acid is added to a solution of potassium fluoride | H⁺ + F⁻ → HF strong acid and basic salt | |
| 362400816 | sodium acetate solution is mixed with excess hydrochloric acid | H⁺ + CH₃COO⁻ → CH₃COOH strong acid and basic salt | |
| 362400817 | perchloric acid is added dropwise to a solution of sodium sulfite | 2 H⁺ + SO₃⁻² → H₂SO₃ strong acid and basic salt | |
| 362400818 | sulfur trioxide gas is bubbled through water | SO₃ + H₂O → H⁺ + HSO₄⁻ nonmetallic oxide | |
| 362400819 | sulfur dioxide gas is bubbled through water | SO₂ + H₂O → H₂SO₃ nonmetallic oxide | |
| 362400820 | solid tetraphosphorus decaoxide is dropped into a beaker of water | P₄O₁₀ + 6 H₂O → 4 H₃PO₄ nonmetallic oxide | |
| 362400821 | carbon dioxide gas is pumped into water | CO₂ + H₂O → H₂CO₃ nonmetallic oxide | |
| 362400822 | pellets of dinitrogen pentoxide are dropped in a beaker of water | N₂O₅ + H₂O → 2 H⁺ + 2 NO₃⁻ nonmetallic oxide | |
| 362400823 | solid barium oxide is added to distilled water | BaO + H₂O → Ba(OH)₂ metallic oxide in water | |
| 362400824 | solid lithium oxide is dropped into a beaker of water | Li₂O + H₂O → 2 LiOH metallic oxide in water | |
| 362400825 | powdered magnesium oxide is added to a beaker of water | MgO + H₂O → Mg(OH)₂ metallic oxide in water | |
| 362400826 | sodium oxide is submersed in water | Na₂O + H₂O → 2 Na⁺ + 2 OH⁻ metallic oxide in water | |
| 362400827 | Solutions of acetic acid and ammonia are mixed | CH₃COOH + NH₃ → CH₃COO⁻ + NH₄⁺ weak acid and weak base | |
| 362400828 | Solutions of hydrocyanic acid (HCN) and analine (C₆H₅NH₂) are mixed | HCN + C₆H₅NH₂ → CN⁻ + C₆H₅NH₃⁺ weak acid and weak base | |
| 362400829 | Formic acid (HCOOH) is added dropwise to a solution of ethylamine (C₂H₅NH₂) | HCOOH + C₂H₅NH₂ → COOH⁻ + C₂H₅NH₃⁺ weak acid and weak base | |
| 362400830 | hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is added dropwise to hydroxylamine (HONH₂) solution | HOCl + HONH₂ → OCl⁻ + HONH₃⁺ weak acid and weak base | |
| 362400831 | A solution of hydrofluoric acid is added to a solution of pyridine (C₅H₅N) | HF + C₅H₅N → F⁻ + C₅H₆N⁺ weak acid and weak base | |
| 362400832 | A solution of acetic acid is added to a solution of sodium hydroxide | OH⁻ + CH₃COOH → H₂O + CH₃COO⁻ weak acid and strong base | |
| 362400833 | Solutions of hydrofluoric acid and potassium hydroxide are mixed | OH⁻ + HF → H₂O ⁺ F⁻ weak acid and strong base | |
| 362400834 | Formic acid (HCOOH) is added dropwise to calcium hydroxide | OH⁻ + HCOOH → H₂O + COOH⁻ weak acid and strong base | |
| 362400835 | a solution of acetic acid is added to a solution of lithium hydroxide | CH₃COOH + OH⁻ → H₂O + CH₃COO⁻ weak acid and strong base | |
| 362400836 | Solutions of hydrocyanic acid (HCN) and sodium hydroxide are mixed | HCN + OH⁻ → H₂O + CN⁻ | |
| 362400837 | solutions of nitric acid and ammonia are mixed | H⁺ + NH₃ → NH₄⁺ Strong acid and weak base | |
| 362400838 | a solution of hydroxylamine (HONH₂) is added to a solution of perchloric acid | H⁺ + HONH₂ → HONH₃⁺ strong acid and weak base | |
| 362400839 | solutions of pyridine (C₅H₅N) and hydrochloric acid are mixed | H⁺ + C₅H₅N → C₅H₆N⁺ strong acid and weak base | |
| 362400840 | An analine (C₆H₅NH₂) is added to a solution of nitric acid | H⁺ + C₆H₅NH₂ → C₆H₅NH₃⁺ strong acid and weak base | |
| 362400841 | ethylamine (C₂H₅NH₂) is added dropwise to a solution of periodic acid | H⁺ + C₂H₅NH₂ → C₂H₅NH₃⁺ | |
| 362400842 | hydrobromic acid is added dropwise to an ammonia solution | H⁺ + NH₃ → NH₄⁺ | |
| 362400843 | equal volumes of equimolar solutions of nitric acid and sodium hydroxide are mixed | H⁺ + OH⁻ → H₂O | |
| 362400844 | solutions of hydrochloric acid and potassium hydroxide are mixed | H⁺ + OH⁻ → H₂O | |
| 362400845 | hydrobromic acid is titrated with sodium hydroxide | H⁺ + OH⁻ → H₂O | |
| 362400846 | equal volumes of equimolar solutions of sulfuric acid and potassium hydroxide are mixed | H⁺ + OH⁻ → H₂O | |
| 362400847 | solid calcium hydride is added to water | CaH₂ + 2 H₂O → Ca(OH)₂ + 2 H₂ metal hydride in water | |
| 362400848 | solid lithium hydride is added to water | LiH + H₂O → Li⁺ + OH⁻ + H₂ metal hydride in water | |
| 362400849 | distilled water is added to a sample of solid sodium hydride | NaH + H₂O → Na⁺ + OH⁻ + H₂ metal hydride in water | |
| 362400850 | solid potassium hydride is added to water | KH + H₂O → K⁺ + OH⁻ + H₂ metal hydride in water | |
| 362400851 | Distilled water is added to a sample of solid magnesium hydride | MgH₂ + 2 H₂O → Mg(OH)₂ + 2 H₂ metal hydride in water | |
| 362400852 | A piece of sodium is added to distilled water | 2 Na + 2 H₂O → 2 Na⁺ + 2 OH⁻ + H₂ alkali metal and water | |
| 362400853 | A piece of calcium is dropped into a beaker of water | Ca + 2 H₂O → Ca(OH)₂ + H₂ alkali earth metal and water | |
| 362400854 | A piece of potassium is dropped into a beaker of water | 2 K + 2 H₂O → 2 K⁺ + 2 OH⁻ + H₂ alkai metal and water | |
| 362400855 | A piece of barium is dropped into water | Ba + H₂O → Ba(OH)₂ + H₂O alkali earth metal and water | |
| 362400856 | A chunk of lithium is added to water | 2 Li + 2 H₂O → 2 Li⁺ + 2 OH⁻ + H₂ alkali metal and water | |
| 362400857 | A solution of tin II chloride is added to an acidified solution of potassium permanganate | 5 Sn⁺² + 2 MnO₄⁻ + 16 H⁺ → 5 Sn⁺⁴ + 2 Mn⁺² +8 H₂O complex redox | |
| 362400858 | A solution of potassium iodide is added to an acidified solution of potassium dichromate | 6 I⁻ + 14 H⁺ + Cr₂O₇⁻² → 3 I₂ + 2 Cr⁺³ + 7H₂O complex redox | |
| 362400859 | Potassium permanganate solution is added to a concentrated hydrochloric acid | 16 H⁺ + 2 MnO₄ + 10 Cl⁻ → 2 Mn⁺² + 8 H₂O + 5 Cl₂ complex redox | |
| 362400860 | Potassium dichromate solution is added to an acidified solution of sodium sulfite | 8 H⁺ + Cr₂O₇⁻² + 3 SO₃⁻² → 2 Cr⁺³ + 3 SO₄⁻² + 4H₂O complex redox | |
| 362400861 | manganese IV oxide is added to warm, concentrated hydrobromic acid | 4H⁺ + MnO₂ + 2 Br⁻ → Mn⁺² + Br₂ + 2 H₂O complex redox | |
| 362400862 | Solid silver is added to a dilute (6M) nitric acid solution | 3 H⁺ + HNO₃ + 3 Ag → 3 Ag⁺ NO + 2 H₂O complex redox | |
| 362400863 | Sulfur dioxide gas is bubbled through an acidified solution of potassium permanganate | 2 H₂O + 5 SO₂ + 2 MnO₄⁻ → 5 SO₄⁻² 4 H⁺ + 2 Mn⁺² complex redox | |
| 362400864 | A solution of tin II ions is added to an acidified solution of potassium dichromate | 3 Sn⁺² + 14 H⁺ + Cr₂O₇⁻² → 3 Sn ⁺⁴ + 2 Cr⁺³ + 7 H₂O complex redox | |
| 362400865 | A solution of potassium iodide is added to fluorine | 2 I⁻ + F₂ → 2 F⁻ + I₂ simple redox | |
| 362400866 | chlorine gas is bubbled through a solution of potassium bromide | Cl₂ + 2 Br⁻ → Br₂ + 2 Cl⁻ simple redox | |
| 362400867 | magnesium powder is added to a solution of copper II chloride | Mg + Cu⁺² → Cu + Mg⁺² simple redox | |
| 362400868 | silver nitrate and aluminum are mixed | 3 Ag⁺ + Al → Al⁺³ + 3 Ag simple redox | |
| 362400869 | A solution of sodium chloride and fluorine water are mixed | 2 Cl⁻ + F₂ → 2 F⁻ + Cl₂ simple redox | |
| 362400870 | solid zinc turnings are added to a solution of lead IV nitrate | Pb⁺⁴ + 2 Zn → 2 Zn⁺² + Pb simple redox | |
| 362400871 | solutions of calcium nitrate and sodium sulfate are mixed | Ca⁺² + SO₄⁻² → CaSO₄ insoluble salt | |
| 362400872 | a solution of copper I chloride is added to a solution of sodium sulfide | 2 Cu⁺ + S⁻² → Cu₂S insoluble salt | |
| 362400873 | Solutions of manganese II sulfate and ammonium sulfide are mixed | Mn⁺² + S⁻² → MnS insoluble salt | |
| 362400874 | Solutions of silver nitrate and sodium chromate are mixed | 2 Ag⁺ + CrO₄⁻² → Ag₂CrO₄ insoluble salt | |
| 362400875 | A solution of barium nitrate and sodium hydroxide are mixed | Ba⁺² + 2 OH⁻ → Ba(OH)₂ insoluble salt | |
| 362400876 | Solutions of calcium chloride and sodium sulfate are mixed | Ca⁺² + SO₄⁻² → CaSO₄ insoluble salt | |
| 362400877 | A solution of potassium sulfide and nickel II nitrate are mixed | Ni⁺² + S⁻² → NiS insoluble salt | |
| 362400878 | hexane is burned | 2 C₆H₁₄ + 13 O₂ → 12 CO₂ + 14 H₂O combustion | |
| 362400879 | a solid piece of copper is heated strongly in oxygen | 2 Cu + O₂ → 2 CuO combustion | |
| 362400880 | butanol is burned in air | C₄H₉OH + 6 O₂ → 4 CO₂ + 5 H₂O combustion | |
| 362400881 | Lithium is burned in air | 4 Li + O₂ → 2 Li₂O combustion | |
| 362400882 | sodium is burned | 4 Na + O₂ → 2 Na₂O combustion, synthesis | |
| 362400883 | methane is burned | CH₄ + 2 O₂ → CO₂ + 2 H₂O combustion | |
| 362400884 | Aluminum is burned in air | 4 Al + 3 O₂ → 2 Al₂O₃ combustion | |
| 362400885 | A solution of hydrogen peroxide is placed under a bright light | 2 H₂O₂ → 2 H₂O + O₂ decomposition | |
| 362400886 | water is decomposed | 2 H₂O → 2 H₂ + O₂ decomposition | |
| 362400887 | solid calcium carbonate is heated | CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂ decomposition | |
| 362400888 | a piece of solid potassium nitrate is heated | 2KNO₃ → 2 KNO₂ + O₂ decomposition | |
| 362400889 | magnesium nitrate is heated | MgCO₃ → MgO + CO₂ decomposition | |
| 362400890 | solid calcium sulfite is heated | CaSO₃ → CaO + SO₂ decomposition | |
| 362400891 | solid potassium chlorate is heated | 2 KClO₃ → 2 KCl + 3O₂ decomposition | |
| 362400892 | Aluminum chloride is electrolyzed | 2 AlCl₃ → 2 Al + 3 Cl₂ decomposition | |
| 362400893 | sodium is burned | 4 Na + 2 O₂ → 2 Na₂O synthesis | |
| 362400894 | magnesium is heated in a container of nitrogen gas | 3 Mg + N₂ → Mg₃N₂ synthesis | |
| 362400895 | a piece of calcium is put into a container of oxygen gas | 2 Ca + O₂ → 2 CaO synthesis | |
| 362400896 | a piece of aluminum is dropped into a beaker of fluorine | 2 Al + 3 F₂ → 2 AlF₃ synthesis | |
| 362400897 | hydrogen gas an oxygen gas are mixed | 2 H₂ + O₂ → 2 H₂O synthesis | |
| 362400898 | a piece of lithium metal is dropped into a container of nitrogen gas | 6 Li + N₂ → 2 Li₃N synthesis | |
| 362400899 | solid zinc is heated in chlorine gas | Zn + Cl₂ → ZnCl₂ synthesis | |
| 362400900 | solid potassium is dropped into a beaker of oxygen | 4 K + O₂ → 2 K₂O synthesis |