Psychology: Themes and Variations Chapter 16 Vocab Flashcards

Social Behavior
on pages 632 to 675

887989579	Social Psychology	The branch of psychology concerned with the way individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by others.
887989580	Person perception	The process of forming impressions of others.
887989581	Social schemas	Organized clusters of ideas about categories of social events and people.
887989582	Stereotypes	Widely held beliefs that people have certain characteristics because of their membership in a particular group.
887989583	Illusory correlation	When people estimate that they have encountered more confirmations of an association between social traits than they have actually seen.
887989584	Ingroup	A group that one belongs to and identifies with.
887989585	Outgroup	A group that one does not belong to or identify with.
887989586	Attributions	Inferences that people draw about the causes of events, others' behavior, and their own behavior.
887989587	Internal attributions	Ascribes the causes of behavior to personal dispositions, traits, abilities, and feelings.
887989588	External attributions	Ascribes the causes of behavior to situational demands and environmental constraints.
887989589	Fundamental attribution error	Observers' bias in favor of internal attributions in explaining others' behavior.
893377613	Defensive attribution	A tendency to blame victims for their misfortune, so that one feels less likely to be victimized in a similar way.
893377614	Self-serving bias	The tendency to attribute one's successes to personal factors and one's failures to situational factors.
893377615	Individualism	Putting personal goals ahead of group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group memberships.
893377616	Collectivism	Putting group goals ahead of personal goals, and defining one's identity in terms of the groups one belongs to.
893377617	Interpersonal attraction	Positive feelings toward another.
893377618	Matching hypothesis	Males and females of approximately equal physical attractiveness are likely to select each other as partners.
896626833	Reciprocity	Liking those who show that they like you.
893377619	Passionate love	A complete absorption in another that includes tender sexual feelings and the agony and ecstasy of intense emotions.
893377620	Companionate love	A warm, trusting, tolerant affection for another whose life is deeply intertwined with one's own.
893377621	Intimacy	Warmth, closeness, and sharing in a relationship.
893377622	Commitment	An intent to maintain a relationship in spite of the difficulties and costs that may arise.
893377623	Attitudes	Positive or negative evaluations of objects of thought.
893377624	Source	The person who sends a communication.
893377625	Receiver	The person to whom the message is sent.
896625739	Message	The information transmitted by the source.
896625740	Channel	The medium through which the message is sent.
901662813	Cognitive dissonance	When related cognitions are inconsistent - that is, when they contradict each other.
896625741	Conformity	When people yield to real or imagined social pressure.
896625742	Obediance	A form of compliance that occurs when people follow direct commands, usually from someone in a position of authority.
896625743	Social roles	Widely shared expectations about how people in certain positions are supposed to behave.
896625744	Group	Two or more individuals who interact and are interdependent.
896625745	Bystander effect	People are less likely to provide needed help when they are in groups than when they are alone.
896625746	Social loafing	A reduction in effort by individuals when they work in groups as compared to when they work by themselves.
896625747	Group polarization	When group discussion strengthens a group's dominant point of view and produces a shift toward a more extreme decision in that direction.
896625748	Groupthink	When members of a cohesive group emphasize concurrence at the expense of critical thinking in arriving at a decision.
896625749	Group cohesiveness	The strength of the liking relationships linking group members to each other and to the group itself.
896625750	Prejudice	A negative attitude held towards members of a group.
896625751	Discrimination	Behaving differently, usually unfairly, toward the members of a group.
896625752	Foot-in-the-door technique	Getting people to agree to a small request to increase the chances that they will agree to a larger request later.
896625753	Reciprocity norm	The rule that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others.
896625754	Lowball technique	Getting someone to commit an attractive proposition before its hidden costs are revealed.