Biology- Cell NCEA Level 2 Flashcards

358854409	Respiration	The breakdown of glucose to form ATP when oxygen is available.	1
358854410	Respiration (equation)	C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP	2
358854411	Diffusion	Molecules move from a high to low concentration gradient. It is slow but does not require energy.	3
358854412	Cilia	Tiny hair like projections that extend out of the cell membrane. These cili beat in unison to remove particles from our airways.	4
358854413	Exocytosis	Exports large molecules out of the cell when a vesicle fuses with the cell membrane releasing its contents outside the of the cell.	5
358854414	Cytoskeleton	Microtubules and microfilaments that are found throughout the the cytoplasm, these give the cell support and maintain the shape of the cell.	6
358854415	Selectively permeable	The cell membrane allows some molecules through and not others.	7
358854416	Rough ER	ER with ribosomes attached. The ER is a network of tubes that run from the nucleus to the cell membrane. Rough ER are commonly found in cells that produce large amounts of protein for export.	8
358854417	Golgi body	Five flattened stack of membrane that modify to store and route products to their next destination.	9
358854418	Golgi apparatus	Alternative name for Golgi body.	10
358854419	Mitochondria	Oval shaped organelle with highly folded inner membrane. This is the site of aerobic respiration in the cell where most ATP is produced.	11
359145380	Isotonic Solution	A concentration that is the same as that that found inside the cell. No net movement of water occurs in this situation.	12
359145381	Nucleus	Contains and protects DNA. It is known as the cells control centre.	13
359145382	Chloroplast	Photosynthetic organelles that trap sunlight energy and convert it into glucose. They contain grana and stroma.	14
359145383	Cytoplasm	A jelly like substance that fills the cell from the cell membrane to the nucleus, it is the site of many cellular reactions.	15
359145384	Hypertonic Solution	A strongly concentated solution. A cell in this solution would lose water by osmosis.	16
359145385	Hypotonic Solution	A weak solution. A cell in this solution would gain water by osmosis.	17
359145386	Facilitated Transportation	Molecules move from a high concentration to a low concentration with the help of transport proteins embedded in the cell membrane. Does not require energy.	18
359145387	Lactic Acid Fermentation	Produces 2 ATP molecules. Occurs in animal muscle when exercising at a high level.	19
359145388	Eukaryote Cells	These cells have a true nucleus and membrane bound organelles.	20
359145389	Endocytosis	A method of engulfing large molecules into the cell. The cell membrane surrounds he particle and draws it into the cell in a vesicle.	21
359145390	Nuclear Membrane	Double membrane with pore to allow large particles in and out of the nucleus.	22
359145391	Osmosis	Passive movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration.	23
359145392	Plasma Membrane	Another word for cell membrane.	24
359145393	Photosynthesis	A process in which light energy is converted to chemical energy. The reactants are water and carbon dioxide and the products are glucose and oxygen.	25
359145394	Ribosomes	Found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. These are involved in the making of proteins. They can be free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.	26
359145395	Vacuoles	Found in the cytoplasm, these are involved in transport.	27
359145396	Organelle	Part of a cell with a specific function.	28
359145397	Flagella	Long whip like projections that extend from the cell membrane. These enable unicellular organisms to move when flicked.	29
359145398	Active Transport	Molecules move from a high concentration gradient to a low concentration gradient against the concentration gradient.	30
359145399	Lysosomes	Membrane bound sacs that contain digestive enzymes. These enzymes breakdown molecules and recycle cell parts.	31