MCAT - Physics - Fluids and Solids Flashcards

46984341	Absolute Pressure	Pressure below the surface of a liquid that depends on gravity and surface pressure, calculated by P = P₀ + ρgz. P = Absolute pressure. z is depth. P₀ is the surface pressure. ρ = is the density.	46984341
46984342	Adhesion	Type of attractive force that molecules of a liquid feel toward molecules of another substance, such as in the adhesion of water droplets to a glass surface.	46984342
46984343	Archimedes' Principle	Body that is fully or partially immersed in a liquid will be buoyed up by a force that is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by the body. F(buoyant) = ρ(liq)gV(liq) = ρ(obj)gV(obj). V(obj) = is the volume of the object submerged.	46984343
46984344	Bernoulli's Equation	Equation describing the conservation of energy in fluid flow, given by P₁ + (1/2)ρV₁² + ρgy₁ + P₂ + (1/2)ρv₂² + ρgy₂.	46984344
46984345	Bulk Modulus	A term that describes a fluid's resistance to compression under a pressure, denoted by B and measured by the ratio of stress (pressure change) to strain: ΔP/(ΔV/V)	46984345
46984346	Cohesion	Type of attractive force felt by liquid molecules toward each other. Cohesion is responsible for surface tension.	46984346
46984347	Continuity Equation	Equation following the law that the mass flow rate of fluid must remain constant from one cross-section of a tube to another, given by A₁V₁ = A₂V₂	46984347
46984348	Density	Scalar quantity defined as the mass per unit volume, often denoted by ρ.	46984348
46984349	Gauge Pressure	Pressure above the atmospheric pressure, given only by ρgz; the difference between P(absolute) and P₀	46984349
46984350	Laminar Flow	Simplest type of liquid flow through a tube where thin layers of liquid slide over one another, occurring as long as the flow rate remains below a critical velocity Vc	46984350
46984351	Pascal's Principle	Principle stating that when a pressure is applied to one point of an enclosed fluid, that pressure is transmitted in equal magnitude to all points within that fluid and to the walls of its container. This principle forms the basis of the hydraulic lift.	46984351
46984352	Shear Modulus	Term describing a solid's resistance to shear stress, denoted by S and measured by the ratio of shear stress (F/A) to strain (x/h). Results when a force is applied parallel to the surface area.	46984352
46984353	Specific Gravity	Dimensionless quantity given by the density of a substance divided by the density of water, where ρ(water) = 1g/ml, or 1g/cm³. ρ(x)/ρ(water)	46984353
46984354	Streamline	Lines that trace the path of water particles as they flow in a tube without ever crossing each other.	46984354
46984355	Turbulent Flow	Type of liquid flow that occurs when the flow rate in a tube exceeds Vc. Motion of the fluid that is not adjacent to the container walls is highly irregular, forming vortices and a high flow resistance.	46984355
46984356	Viscosity	Measure of internal friction in a fluid, often denoted by µ	46984356
46984357	Young's Modulus	Term used in characterizing the elasticity of a solid, denoted by Y and measured by the ratio of the stress (F/A) to strain (ΔL/L). Results when force is applied perpendicular to the surface area.	46984357