Chapter 8: Cognition and Intelligence Types of Problems Problems of inducing structure Series completion and analogy problems Problems of arrangement String problem and Anagrams Often solved through insight Problems of transformation Hobbits and orcs problem Water jar problem Figure 8.1 Six standard problems used in studies of problem solving Effective Problem Solving Barriers to effective problem solving: Irrelevant Information Functional Fixedness Mental Set Unnecessary Constraints Figure 8.7 The tower of Hanoi problem Figure 8.8 Solutions to the additional water jar problems Approaches to Problem Solving Trial-and-error Heuristics Forming subgoals Searching for analogies Changing the representation of a problem Figure 8.11 Solution to the Buddhist monk problem