Apologia Biology Vocabulary - Module 6: The Cell (2nd edition) Flashcards

Vocabulary from Module 6, from Apologia's High School Biology Course Exploring Creation With Biology, by Dr. Jay Wile and Marilyn F. Durnell (2nd edition). There is also a crossword puzzle with these vocabulary words at e-learninglinks.com.

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61423049	Absorption	The transport of dissolved substances into cells	0
61423050	Digestion	The breakdown of absorbed substances	1
61423051	Respiration	The breakdown of food molecules with a release of energy	2
61423052	Excretion	The removal of soluble waste materials	3
61423053	Egestion	The removal of nonsoluble waste materials	4
61423054	Secretion	The release of biosynthesized substances	5
61423055	Homeostasis	Maintaining the status quo	6
61423056	Reproduction	Producing more cells	7
61423057	Cytology	The study of cells	8
61423058	Cell wall	A rigid structure on the outside of certain cells, usually plant and bacteria cells	9
61423059	Middle lamella	The thin film between the cell walls of adjacent plant cells	10
61423060	Plasma membrane	The semipermeable membrane between the cell contents and either the cell wall or the cell's surroundings	11
61423061	Cytoplasm	A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended	12
61423062	Ions	Substances in which at least one atom has an imbalance of protons and electrons	13
61423063	Cytoplasmic streaming	The motion of cytoplasm in a cell that results in a coordinated movement of the cell's contents	14
61423064	Mitochondria	The organelles in which nutrients are converted to energy	15
61423065	Lysosome	The organelle in animal cells responsible for hydrolysis reactions that break down proteins, polysaccharides, disaccharides, and some lipids	16
61423066	Ribosomes	Non-membrane-bound organelles responsible for protein synthesis	17
61423067	Endoplasmic reticulum	An organelle composed of an extensive network of folded membranes that performs several tasks within a cell	18
61423068	Rough ER	ER that is dotted with ribosomes	19
61423069	Smooth ER	ER that has no ribosomes	20
61423070	Golgi bodies	The organelles in which proteins and lipids are stored and then modified to suit the needs of the cell	21
61423071	Leucoplasts	Organelles that store starches or oils	22
61423072	Chromoplasts	Organelles that contain pigments used in photosynthesis	23
61423073	Central vacuole	A large vacuole that rests at the center of most plant cells and is filled with a solution that contains a high concentration of solutes	24
61423074	Waste vacuoles	Vacuoles that contain the waste products of digestion	25
61423075	Phagocytosis	The process by which a cell engulfs foreign substances or other cells	26
61423076	Phagocytic vacuole	A vacuole that holds the matter which a cell engulfs	27
61423077	Pinocytic vesicle	Vesicle formed at the plasma membrane to allow the absorption of large molecules	28
61423078	Secretion vesicle	Vesicle that holds secretion products so that they can be transported to the plasma membrane and released	29
61423079	Microtubules	Spiral strands of protein molecules that form a tubelike structure	30
61423080	Nuclear membrane	A highly-porous membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm	31
61423081	Chromatin	Clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the nucleus of a cell	32
61423082	Cytoskeleton	A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement	33
61423083	Microfilaments	Fine, threadlike proteins found in the cell's cytoskeleton	34
61423084	Intermediate filaments	Threadlike proteins in the cell's cytoskeleton that are roughly twice as thick as microfilaments	35
61423085	Phospholipid	A lipid in which one of the fatty acid molecules has been replaced by a molecule that contains a phosphate group	36
61423086	Passive transport	Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane according to the dictates of osmosis or diffusion	37
61423087	Active transport	Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane (typically opposite the dictates of osmosis or diffusion) aided by a process that requires energy	38
61423088	Isotonic solution	A solution in which the concentration of solutes is essentially equal to that of the cell that resides in the solution	39
61423089	Hypertonic solution	A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell that resides in the solution	40
61423090	Plasmolysis	Collapse of a walled cell's cytoplasm due to a lack of water	41
61423091	Cytolysis	The rupturing of a cell due to excess internal pressure	42
61423092	Hypotonic solution	A solution in which the concentration of solutes is less than that of the cell which resides in the solution	43
61423093	Activation energy	Energy necessary to get a chemical reaction going	44