AP Human Geography Unit 1 Vocab Flashcards
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| 910259086 | Built Landscape | An area of land represented by its features and patterns of human occupation and use of natural resources (Changing attribute of a place). | 1 | |
| 910259087 | Sequent Occupance | The notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape. | 2 | |
| 910259088 | Cultural Landscape | Fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group. This is the essence of how humans interact with nature. | 3 | |
| 910259089 | Arithmetic Density | The total number of people divided by the total land area. | 4 | |
| 910259090 | Physiological Density | The number of people per unit area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture. | 5 | |
| 910259091 | Hearth | The region from which innovative ideas originate. | 6 | |
| 910259092 | Relocation Diffusion | The spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another. | 7 | |
| 910259093 | Expansion Diffusion | The spread of a feature from one place to another in a snowballing process. This can happen by hierarchical, contagious, or stimulus diffusion. | 8 | |
| 910259094 | Hierarchical Diffusion | The spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places. (Ex: Hip-Hop/rap music) | 9 | |
| 910259095 | Contagious Diffusion | The rapid widespread diffusion of a character throughout the population.(Ex: ideas placed on the internet) | 10 | |
| 910259096 | Stimulus Diffusion | The spread of an underlying principle, even though a characteristic itself apparently fails to diffuse. (Ex. PC & Apple | 11 | |
| 910259097 | Absolute Direction | A compass direction such as north or south. | 12 | |
| 910259098 | Relative Direction | Directions such as left, right, forward, backword, up, and down based on people's perceptions of places. | 13 | |
| 910259099 | Dispersed | To drive or send off in various directions. | 14 | |
| 910259100 | Scattered | Distributed or occuring at widely spaced and usually irregular intervals. | 15 | |
| 910259101 | Clustered/Agglomerated | When things are close together or put together in a concentrated area. | 16 | |
| 910480165 | Absolute Distance | Exact measurement of the physical space between two places. | 17 | |
| 910480166 | Relative Distance | Approximate measurement of the physical space between two places. | 18 | |
| 910480167 | Distribution | The arrangement of something across Earth's surface. | 19 | |
| 910480168 | Environmental Determinism | A 19th- and early 20th-century approach to the study of geography that argued that the general laws sought by human geographers could be found in the physical sciences. Geography was therefore the study of how the physical environment caused human activities | 20 | |
| 910480169 | Absolute Location | Position on Earth's surface using the coordinate system of longitude and latitude. | 21 | |
| 910480170 | Relative Location | Position on Earth's surface relative to other features. | 22 | |
| 910480171 | Site | The physical character of a place; what is found at the location and why it is significant. | 23 | |
| 910480172 | Situation | The location of a place relative to other places. | 24 | |
| 910480173 | Toponym | The name given to a place on Earth. | 25 | |
| 910480174 | Linear Pattern | Straight patterns. (Ex: houses on a street) | 26 | |
| 910480175 | Centralized Pattern | Clustered at a certain place. | 27 | |
| 910480176 | Random pattern | A pattern with no specific order or logic behind its arrangement | 28 | |
| 910480177 | Natural Landscape | Landscape that has not ben changed by humans | 29 | |
| 910480178 | Possibilism | Physical environment may limit some human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to their environment. | 30 | |
| 910480179 | Formal Region (Uniform) | An area within which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics. The shared feature could be a cultural value such as a common language, or an environmental climate. | 31 | |
| 910480180 | Functional Region (Nodal) | An area organized around a node or focal point. The characteristic chosen to define a functional region dominates at a central focus or node and diminishes in importance outward. | 32 | |
| 910480181 | Vernacular Region (Perceptual) | A place that people believe exists as a part of their cultural identity. Such regions emerge from peoples informal sense of place rather than from scientific models developed through geographic thought. (Often identified using a mental map). | 33 | |
| 910480182 | Scale | Representation of a real world phenomenon at a certain level or reduction or generalization. In cartography, the ratio of map distance to ground distance. | 34 | |
| 910480183 | Size | The estimation or determination of extent. | 35 | |
| 910480184 | Accessibility | The degree of ease with which it is possible to reach a certain location from other locations. | 36 | |
| 910480185 | Connectivity | The relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space. | 37 | |
| 910480186 | Network | A set of interconnected nodes without a center | 38 | |
| 910480187 | Distance Decay | The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin. Typically, the farther away one group is from another, the less likely the two groups are to interact. | 39 | |
| 910480188 | Friction of Distance | Based on the notion that distance usually requires some amount of effort, money, and/or energy to overcome. Because of this "friction," spatial interactions will tend to take place more often over shorter distances; quantity of interaction will decline with distance. | 40 | |
| 910480189 | Time-Space Compression | The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place, as a result of improved communications | 41 | |
| 910480190 | Distortion | The further away you are from the actual object while looking at it on a map, the more distorted it is. | 42 | |
| 910480191 | Geographic Information System (GIS) | A computer that can capture, store, query, analyze, and display geographic information-helps produce more efficient and attractive maps than those drawn by hand. | 43 | |
| 910480192 | Global Positioning System | Accurately determines the precise position of something on Earth-helps people navigate from one area to another. | 44 | |
| 910480193 | Grid | A pattern of lines on a chart or map. (Ex: Latitude & longitude). | 45 | |
| 910480194 | North and South Poles | The very top and bottom of the Earth. | 46 | |
| 910480195 | Latitude | The numbering system used to indicate the location of a parallel, goes up and down. | 47 | |
| 910480196 | Parallel | A circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to meridians and helps to define a time zone. | 48 | |
| 910480197 | Eguator | The line that goes across the center of the earth and is at 0 degrees latitude- splits the world into the north and south hemisphere. | 49 | |
| 910627074 | Longitude | The numbering system used to indicate the location of a meridian and helps along with latitude to establish time zones. | 50 | |
| 910627075 | Meridian | An arc drawn between the north and south poles and helps define time zones along with parallels | 51 | |
| 910627076 | Prime Meridian | The meridian that passes through Greenwich, England at 0 degrees longitude and is the place where every day has 12 hours of daylight. | 52 | |
| 910627077 | International Date Line | Follows closely at 180 degrees longitude - when you pass it heading east the clock moves back 24 hours and vise versa. | 53 | |
| 910627078 | Maps | 2-D representation of Earth's surface or a portion of it. Important because maps are the tools most uniquely identified with geography; ability to use and interpret maps is an essential geographic skill. | 54 | |
| 910627079 | Map scale | The distance on a map relative to distance on Earth - helps give a sense on how big something is on a map as compared to on Earth. | 55 | |
| 910627080 | Thematic Map | A type of map that display one or more variables-such as population or income level-within a specific area. | 56 | |
| 910627081 | Statistical Map | A special type of map in which the variation in quantity of a factor such as rainfall, population, or crops in a geographic area is indicated. | 57 | |
| 910627082 | Cartogram | A map that is simplified to represent a single idea in a diagrammatic way; the base is not usually true to scale. | 58 | |
| 910627083 | Dot Map | A thematic map in which a dot represents some frequency of the mapped variable. | 59 | |
| 910627084 | Cloropleth Map | A thematic map in which ranked classes of some variables are depicted with shading patterns or colors for predefined zones. | 60 | |
| 910627085 | Isoline Map | A thematic map with lines that connect points of equal value. | 61 | |
| 910627086 | Mental Map (Cognitive) | A map of a person's personal point of view of the world - helps a person realize where things are in their own perception. | 62 | |
| 910627087 | Model | A simplified abstraction of reality, structured to clarify casual relationships - used by geographers to explain patterns, make informed decisions, and predict future behaviors. | 63 | |
| 910627088 | Time Zones | 24 zones that are 1000 miles apart from the other, each one is an hour before or after the one next to it, and by passing the International Date Line, you either go forward 24 hours or back 24 hours. | 64 | |
| 910627089 | Remote sensing | Acquisition of data about Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or other long-distance methods. Helps to show information about the Earth from a satellite on any feature. | 65 | |
| 910627090 | Map Projection | Put Earth's 3 dimensional shape onto a two-dimensional surface. | 66 | |
| 918264038 | Mercator | A type of map projection that shows the Earth accurately, but the farther away from the equator you look it is less accurate | 67 | |
| 918264039 | Azimuthal | A map projection in which the plane is the most develop-able surface | 68 | |
| 918264040 | Robinson | A map projection that curves inward to fix the distortion of the mercator, but makes landmasses look smaller than they really are. | 69 | |
| 918264041 | Fuller | Maintains the accurate size and shape of land masses. Rearranges direction so the cardinal directions no longer have any meaning. | 70 | |
| 918264042 | Peter | A map projection that more fairly shows the third world countries. Shapes are distorted but area is accurate. | 71 |