AP US History Unit 1 Test Flashcards

892180246	transoceanic migration	a population migration across oceans	1
892180247	Beringia	a subcontinent bridging Asia and N. America, named after the Beringia Straits	2
892180248	Athapascan	a people that began to settle the forests in the northwestern area of N. America around 5000 BC	3
892180249	clans	groups of allied families	4
892180250	Mesoamerica	the region stretching from central Mexico to Central America	5
892180251	Virginia Company	a group of London investors who sent to Chesapeake Bay in 1607	6
892180252	House of Burgesses	the legislature of the colonial Virginia, 1st organized in 1619, it was the 1st institution of representative government in the English colonies	7
892180253	indentured servants	individuals who contracted to serve a master for a period of four to seven years in return for payment of the servant's passage to America	8
892180254	Puritans	individuals who believed the Queen Elizabeth's reforms of the Church of England had not gone far enough in improving the Church	9
892180255	Puritans	led the settlement of Massachusetts Bay Coloy	10
892180256	pilgrim	settler of Plymouth colony	11
892180257	pilgrim	settler of Plymouth colony, who viewed themselves as a spiritual wanderer	12
892180258	separatist	members of an off shot branch of Puritanism	13
892180259	separatist	believed that the Church of England was too corrupt to be reformed and hence were convinced they must remove themselves from it to save their soul	14
892180260	Mayflower Compact	the first document of self-government in N. America	15
892180261	Massachusetts Bay Company	a group of wealthy Puritans who were granted a royal charter in 1679 to settle in Massachusetts Bay	16
892180262	Great Migration	Puritan emigration to N. America between 1629 and 1643	17
892180263	mercantilism	economic system whereby the government intervenes in economy for the purpose of increasing national wealth	18
892180264	Enlightenment	intellectual movement stressing the importance of reason and the existence of discoverable natural laws	19
892180265	almanac	a combination of calendar, astrological guide and source book of medical advice and farming tips	20
892180266	Half-Way Covenant	Plan adopted in 1662 by New England clergy to deal w/ the problem of declining church membership	21
892180267	Half-Way Covenant	Plan adopted in 1662 by New England clergy which allowed children of baptized parents to be baptized whether or not their parents had experienced conversion	22
892180268	Congregationalist	member of the Puritan church governed by congregations	23
892180269	predestination	Calvinist theory that God had predestined certain individuals to be saved and others to be damned	24
892180270	Great Awakening	N. American religious revival in the middle to the 18th century	25
892180271	New Lights	People who experienced conversion during the revivals of the Great Awakening	26
892180272	Old Lights	religious faction that condemned emotional enthusiasm as part of the heresy of believing in personal and direct relationship with God outside of the Church	27
892180282	Cartier	French man commissioned to locate "Northwest Passage"	28
892180283	Cartier	established France's claim to lands of Canada	29
892180284	John Hawkins	Which Englishman violated Spanish laws by transporting African slaves to the Caribbean?	30
892180285	Frobisher	Englishman who conducted 3 voyages of exploration during the 1570s	31
892180286	Gilbert	sailed from Plymouth and landed at St. John's Bay, Newfoundland (1583) and claimed territory for the queen before being lost at sea	32
892180287	Raleigh	decided to establish a colony southward, which would eventually become the infamous lost colony of Roanoke	33
892180288	Thomas Harriot	_____ _____ and John White mapped the area of Newfoundland, surveyed the commercial potential and studied the Indians.	34
892180289	John White	_____ _____ and Thomas Harriot mapped the area of Newfoundland, surveyed the commercial potential and studied the Indians.	35
892180290	John White	governor of Roanoke Island	36
892180291	John White	gov. of Roanoke who left, returned 3 years later to find the colony abandoned and his family gone	37
892180292	Virginia Dare	first English born in America	38
892180293	Croatoan	What was carved into a tree when the colony of Roanoke disappeared?	39
892180294	Roanoke	the Lost Colony	40
892180295	Wingina	the chief of the Algonquian people near Roanoke who initially welcomed the settlers	41
892180296	Manteo	Indian emissary who told Wingina the English's technology would make them a powerful ally	42
892180297	Wanchese	Indian emissary who told Wingina the unequal English society and their brutality could lead to problems	43
892180298	serfs	Raleigh planned to use the neighboring Indian tribe as _____.	44
892180299	Wanchese	successor of Wingina	45
892180300	2000	The Indians had over ______ separate cultures.	46
892180301	Asians	Indians are most closely related to ______.	47
892180302	30,000	Migration from Asia began ______ years ago.	48
892180303	huntergatherers	Those that migrated from Asia were ____-_____.	49
892180304	Athapascan	Around 5000 BCE, the ________ people moved across Beringia and to the northwest forests.	50
892180305	boats	The final migration completed around 3000 BCE was completed by traveling to North America in _____.	51
892180306	maize	Mexico's main crop was _____.	52
892180307	hunters	In early hunter-gatherers communities, men were _____.	53
892180308	gatherers	In early hunting-gatherers communities, women were _____.	54
892180309	hunters	In early farming communities, men were ____.	55
892180310	farmers	In early farming communities, women were _____.	56
892180311	T	T/F Indians believed women had control of their bodies	57
892180312	F	T/F For the Indians, getting a divorce was very difficult.	58
892180313	F	T/F When a divorce for the Indians took place, the children remained with the father's family.	59
892180314	Cahokia	the largest site of the Mississippian Indian society w/ temples, neighborhoods, and farmlands	60
892180315	Great Serpent Mound	largest effigy earthwork in the world; built by the Mississippian Indian Society	61
892180316	T	T/F Bows and arrows originated in the Mississippian Society.	62
892180317	T	T/F Mississippi was one of the first political societies.	63
892180318	France	Which country established a system of commerce with the Indians in the Northern woodlands?	64
892180319	disease	What the most devastating factor for the Indians when the settlers arrived?	65
892180320	fur	For the French, what was the most important trade during the 16th century?	66
892180321	Virginia Company	founded Jamestown in 1607	67
892180322	Jamestown	the first permanent English settlement in North America	68
892180323	John Smith	Jamestown's military leader	69
892180324	Powhatan Confederacy	group of Indian tribes brought together under a leader, "King Powhatan", in order to meet the needs of all of the tribes	70
892180325	F	T/F The Indians near Jamestown, led by Powhatan, were very primitive and didn't have much politics.	71
892180326	T	T/F The Indians near Jamestown, led by Powhatan, held a very complex political "contract" known as the Powhatan Confederacy	72
892180327	John Rolfe	To settle a peace between Powhatan Indians and the English, Pocahontas was married to _____ _____.	73
892180328	Pocahontas	_______ was kidnapped and used as a bargaining tool to get Powhatan to accept a peace treaty.	74
892180329	T	T/F John Rolfe, Pocahontas (his Indian wife), and their mixed child were welcomed to England like royalty.	75
892180330	Francis Drake	Who introduced tobacco?	76
892180331	tobacco	the "merchantable commodity"	77
892180332	John Rolfe	Who developed a mild hybrid of the tobacco plant for wide-spread production?	78
892180333	headright grants	awards from the state to large plantations on condition they transport their own workers from England	79
892180334	Virginia	"fronteir of exclusion"	80
892180335	Spain	_____ used their colonies in America mainly for male settlers.	81
892180336	France	_____ used their colonies, not for settlers, but for trade.	82
892180337	England	_____ used their colonies for families settling the land.	83
892180338	Calverts	What family was the original owner of Maryland?	84
892180339	proprietary	Virginia was a ______ colony.	85
892180340	F	T/F 3/4 of indentured servants were women.	86
892180341	T	T/F 3/4 of indentured servants were unskilled, young men.	87
892180342	freedom dues	Those who survived indentured servitude were given ______ _____.	88
892180343	freedom dues	included clothing, tools, gun, spinning wheel or land, and help getting started for free indentured servants	89
892180344	T	T/F Many indentured servants were convicts that had been bought of jail to serve the rest of their sentences working.	90
892180345	Men	____ suffered higher mortality rates in the Chesapeake.	91
892180346	"matriarchy"	Early Virginia in the Chesapeake was referred to as an early ______.	92
892180347	England	Before 1650, _____ was one of the few countries with colonies still dependent on them.	93
892180348	Calvinist	Puritans emphasized _____ beliefs.	94
892180349	John Smith	Who dubbed the eastern coastline New England after exploring it?	95
892180350	T	T/F The French and Dutch could no longer trade with Indians because most had died off from disease.	96
892180351	William Bradford	leader of the Separatists/pilgrims	97
892180352	separatists	aka pilgrims	98
892180353	pilgrims	aka separatists	99
892180354	Mayflower Compact	written to agree the male members of the community did "covenant and combine together into a civil body politic"	100
892180355	Massasoit	The pilgrims at Plymouth were saved by ______, leader of the local Indians.	101
892180356	William Bradford	_____ ______ was elected as governor of Plymouth 30 consecutive times.	102
892180357	Great Migration	the relocation of 20,000 people to Massachusetts	103
892180358	John Winthrop	leader of the Massachusetts Bay Colony	104
892180359	John Winthrop	1st governor of the Massachusetts Bay colony	105
892180360	John Winthrop	envisioned the Massachusetts Bay Colony as a "city on a hill"	106
892180361	Massachusetts	the settlement for the Puritans	107
892180362	General Court	The Massachusetts Bay Colony had a _____ _____ which was made up of governors, deputy, board of advisers (magistrates), and members of corporation (freemen)	108
892180363	freemen	(1632) In the Massachusetts Bay Colony, ______ were described as all male heads of households.	109
892180364	General Court	the origins of democratic suffrage = the Massachusetts Bay Colony's ______ ______	110
892180365	50	A Puritan town with ____ families was required to have a public school.	111
892180366	100	A Puritan town with ____ families was required to have a grammar school that taught Latin.	112
892180367	T	T/F Literacy was highest in New England than anywhere else in North America.	113
892180368	F	T/F Literacy was highest in the Chesapeake than anywhere else in Norther America.	114
892180369	Bay Psalm Book	the 1st American English publication	115
892180370	Puritans	The ______ felt a strong responsibility to God, their families, and their communities.	116
892180371	Puritans	The ______ rejected/persecuted any outsiders in their community... ie. witchcraft trials	117
892180372	loose	While the Puritans had strong family ties, their marriages were considered "______" in that they could have sexual relations with others.	118
892180373	T	T/F Women could not make contracts, own property, vote or hold office in Puritan communities.	119
892180374	F	T/F Women had the same rights that men did in the Puritan communities.	120
892180375	Thomas Hooker	disagreed with the policy of restricting suffrage to male church members only	121
892180376	Thomas Hooker	founded Hartsford on the Conneticut River.	122
892180377	Roger Williams	fought for religious tolerance and the separation of church and state	123
892180378	Roger Williams	was banished for his beliefs and founded Providence which would eventually become Rhode Island	124
892180379	Anne Hutchinson	held religious discussions and criticized Boston ministers	125
892180380	Anne Hutchinson	was excommunicated and banished; moved to Providence, RI with her family and followers	126
892180381	Nathaniel Bacon	a wealth "backcountry" man who led violent raids with indentured servants in protest of not receiving the land they'd been promised	127
892180382	William Berkely	governor of the colony of Jamestown during Bacon's Rebellion	128
892180383	F	T/F Bacon's Rebellion fell apart because the Indians overwhelmed the colonists.	129
892180384	T	T/F Bacon's Rebellion fell apart because Bacon died and there was no one to lead it.	130
892180385	Culpeppers Rebellion	the overthrow of the established government in the Albermarle region of N. Carolina by backcountry men in 1677	131
892180386	Bacons Rebellion	violent conflict in Virginia, beginning w/ settler attacks on Indians but culminating in a rebellion led by Nathaniel Bacon against Virginia's government	132
893781968	sugar	African slaves came to the Americas with the introduction of the _____ plantations.	133
893781969	John Rolfe	The first Africans in America "belonged" to ____ ____.	134
893781970	John Caster	a slave who took his master to court saying that he'd been kept longer than promised	135
893781971	Anthony Johnson	an example given by the book of a former slave who bought his freedom and then went on to own his own plantation and slaves	136
893781972	mullatoes	free people with mixed ancestry	137
893781973	English Royal African Company	the first company who began importing slaves directly to North America in the 1670s	138
893781974	F	T/F As of the 1700s, death as a punishment for a slave was considered a felony	139
893781975	T	T/F As of the 1700s, death as a punishment for a slave was not considered a felony	140
893781976	tobacco	What was the most important commodity produced in 18th century North America?	141
893781977	T	T/F Virginia had more concern for their slaves than the Caribbean and Brazil.	142
893781978	F	T/F The Caribbean and Brazil had more concern for their slaves than Virginia.	143
893781979	80	By the 1750s, ___% of Chesapeake slaves were "country born"	144
893781980	Indian	In South Carolina (1730s), the ____ slave trade was a valuable part of early Carolina economy.	145
893781981	Elizabeth Pinckney	Who produced an adapted form of Indian indigo?	146
893781982	James Oglethorpe	leader of Georgia	147
893781983	Georgia	_____ was founded for the establishing of a blockade from Spanish invasion from Florida.	148
893781984	Georgia	_____ originally prohibited slavery.	149
893781985	Quakers	_____ of Pennsylvania and New Jersey were the 1st to voice antislavery sentiment.	150
893781986	John Woolman	wrote Considerations on the Keeping of Negroes	151
893781987	John Hepburn	published first North American critique of slavery	152
893781988	food	Africanization occurred in ____, dance, medicine, and dialect.	153
893781989	Philadelphia Friends Meeting	(1758) group that voted to condemn slavery and urged masters to voluntarily free their slaves	154
893781990	dance	Africanization occurred in food, ____, medicine, and dialect.	155
893781991	medicine	Africanization occurred in food, dance, _____, and dialect.	156
893781992	dialect	Africanization occurred in food, dance, medicine, and _____.	157
893781993	George Washington	_____ _____ did not wish to be harsh to his slaves, but still punished workers with regular whippings.	158
893781994	Robert "King" Carter	Who was an example in the book as a master who instructed his overseers to make slaves stand in fear?	159
893781995	David George	former slave who wrote of the horrors of beatings	160
893781996	maroons	communities specifically for runaway slaves	161
893781997	seminoles	descendants of Indians and African Americans	162
893781998	Mercantilist	_____ saw economy as a "zero-sum" game in which total economic gains were equal to losses.	163
893781999	slave	Which trade was the "foundation" for British economy?	164
893782000	John Locke	stated that the state exists to provide for the happiness and security of individuals who were endowed with inalienable rights to life, liberty, and property	165
893782001	T	T/F Enlightenment thinking appealed most to those whose ordered lives had improved their lot.	166
893782002	Cotton Mather	wrote a book supporting the existence of witches	167
893782003	Cotton Mather	was a member of the Royal Society and a defender of the Copernican sun-centered model of the universe	168
893782004	T	T/F During the Enlightenment, 1/2 of adult men and 1/4 of adult women were literate in the British Colonies.	169
893782005	Benjamin Harris	the Boston publisher of the New England Primer	170
893782006	Boston Newsletter	the first continuously published newspaper in North America	171
893782007	Poor Richard's Almanac	published by Benjamin Franklin	172
893782008	Benjamin Franklin	person who published Poor Richard's Almanac	173
893782009	Bible	The best selling book during the Enlightenment was the _____.	174
893782010	T	T/F The second best selling book during the Enlightenment was The Sovereignty and Goodness of God.	175
893782011	Mary Rowlandson	wrote a story about her captivity among the Indians during King Philip's War	176
893782012	Mary Rowlandson	was one of the first to write in a style called "captivity narrative"	177
893782013	arminianism	term that says people choose salvation by doing good works	178
893782014	John Edwards	reverend during the Great Awakening who made young people his concern because he preached for his emotions	179
893782015	George Whitefield	evangelical Anglican minister from England who toured the colonies during the Great Awakening	180
893782016	William Tennent	evangelical preacher who traveled with George Whitefield	181
893782017	Gilbert Tennent	William Tennet's son who helped him in his religious endeavors.	182
893782018	New Lights	New or Old Lights? against Arminianism	183
893782019	New Lights	New or Old Lights? called revival of Calvinism	184
893782020	Old Lights	New or Old Lights? condemned emotional enthusiasm	185
893782021	T	T/F After the Great Awakening, youth flocked to their churches.	186
893782022	Revivalism	____ offered the 1st opportunity to participate actively in public debate and public action.	187